Term;HAO Term;Concept;URI;Reference (sensu);;;; anellus;anellus;One or more, usually transverse or ring-like, basal flagellar segments that lack longitudinal sensilla.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000287;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; antenna;;Paired segmental sensory appendage on the head, composed of the scape, pedicel and flagellum.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000101;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; antennomere;;A subdivision of the antenna, including true segments (scape, pedicel) and annuli of the flagellum (flagellomere). ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000107;Deans, A. R. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; basitarsus;;The tarsomere that is the basal-most subdivision of the tarsus, connected proximally with the tibia and distally with the second tarsomere.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000178 ;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; cercus;;Paired sensory structures located apicolaterally on the last or second last metasomal tergite. Usually have a button-like or finger-like appearance and bear long setae. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000191;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; club;clava;The anatomical cluster composed of the apical flagellomeres that are differentiated by size from the basal flagellomeres.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001185;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; clypeus;;The anteromedial area of the cranium, which is the site of origin of the clypeo-epipharyngeal muscle of the head capsule, lying below the (lower) face, and to which the labrum is articulated. Dorsally usually separated from the (lower) face by an epistomal sulcus and laterally by the clypeo-pleurostomal lines.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000212;Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a Discussion of Terminology. PLoS ONE 7:e32573.;;;; costa;costal margin;The margin that delimits the wing anteriorly. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001977;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; denticle;digital tooth/ digital spine;A short, strong cuticular projection located on the volsellar digitus of the male genitalia.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001574;;;;; digitus;;The sclerite that is located on the distoventral part of the gonostyle/volsella complex, and is articulated with the more proximal sclerites of the gononstyle/volsella complex. Apically differentiated region of the volsella, which usually bears digital spines.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000385;"Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.; Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.";;;; disc;;The apical region of the forewing beyond the basal cell.;;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; discal seta;;A strong seta present in the discal area of the wing (see figures 129, 130, 141, 142).;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; dorsal setae (wing);;The setae present on the dorsal surface of the wing vein.;;;;;; epiproct;;The sclerite that is located dorsally of the anal opening.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000980;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; face;lower face;The area that is limited dorsally by the ventral margin of the antennal foramen laterally by the malar sulcus and ventrally by the oral foramen.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000502;"Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.; Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.";;;; femur;;Third segment of a leg that articulates basally with the trochanter and apically with the tibia. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000327;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; flange;;The projection that is lamella-like and is located on a rim, carina, apodeme or edge.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000344;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; fore wing;;The wing that is located on the mesothorax.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000351;Deans, A. R. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; frons;upper face;The area that is located dorsally of the ventral margin of the antennal rim and ventrally of the anterior ocellus medial to the inner margins of the eye and malar line.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001044;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; frontovertex;;The anatomical cluster that is composed of the vertex and the dorsal area of the upper face dorsal to the frontofacial ridge.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001823;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; gena;;The area that is delimited by the intersection of the interorbital plane, the margin of the compound eye, the margin of the oral foramen, the occipital carina and the malar sulcus. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000371;Yoder, M. J. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; genitalia;;The anatomical system that is involved in copulation, fertilization and/or oviposition.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000374;Nichols, S. W. (eds.). 1989. The Torre-Bueno Glossary of Entomology. New York Entomological Society and the American Museum of Natural History, New York.;;;; head;;The first or anteriormost of the three main body regions of an insect, which bears the mouthparts and major sense organs.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000397;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; hind wing;;The wing that is located on the metathorax.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000400;Deans, A. R. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; leg;;A thoracic appendage. The anatomical cluster that is composed of the coxa and all distal leg segments and is connected to the pectus.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000494;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; mandible;; The paired, heavily sclerotized biting and chewing lateral appendage of the mouthparts between the labrum and maxilla.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000506;Goulet, H., and J. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. ;;;; mandibular ducts;;Tubular structures that open in each mandibular teeth that end internally in a sac-like or globular-like gland.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; mandibular tooth;;The projection that is located distally on the mandible.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001019;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; marginal vein;marginalis;"Portion of the forewing vein complex that is along the leading edge of the wing basal to the stigmal vein; usually measured from the point at which the submarginal vein touches the leading edge of the wing to the point at which the stigmal vein and postmarginal vein unite (sometimes there is a narrow membranous region anterior to the marginal vein and in some families, e.g. Signiphoridae, defined to include what is likely the parastigma of most other chalcids)";http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000512;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; medial propodeal sclerite;;A triangular medial sclerite set off by sulci from the rest of the propodeum, usually with differentiated surface sculpture and sometimes, color.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; mesofemur;;The femur that is located on the mid leg.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001131;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; mesoscutum;anteromesoscutum; Region of the mesonotum anterior to the transscutal articulation and scutellar-axillar complex. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001490;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; mesotibia;;The tibia that is located on the mid leg.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001351;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; mesotibial spur;;The tibial spur that is located on the mesotibia.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001120;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; metafemur;;The femur that is located on the hind leg.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001140;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; metanotum;metanotum;The alinotum that is located in the metathorax, is connected with the mesoscutellum and the mesopostnotum anteriorly and the acrotergite of the first abdominal tergum posteromedially.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000603;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; metasoma;metasoma;" The posteriormost of the three main body regions of apocritan Hymenoptera, which looks like the insect abdomen but excludes the first 'true' abdominal segment, the propodeum, which is fused to the thorax; the metasoma includes the second 'true' abdominal segment, the petiole (see also gaster). ";http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000626;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; metatibia;;The tibia that is located on the hind leg. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000631;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; Ms3;;The sternite of the third metasomal segment (fourth abdominal segment).;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001831;HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; Ms6;;The sternite of the sixth metasomal segment (seventh abdominal segment).;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001834;HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; Mt1 (metasomal tergite 1);;The tergum that is located on abdominal segment 2.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000053;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; Mt2;;The tergum that is located on the abdominal segment 3.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000056;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; occipital margin;;The edge that separates the vertex and the occiput. Abruptly angled or carinate posterodorsal margin of the head that differentiates a dorsal surface from an abruptly declined posterior surface.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001963;"Hopper, K., J. Woolley, K. Hoelmer, K. Wu, G. Qiao, and S. Lee. 2012. An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 26:73-96; Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read, and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.";;;; occiput;; The area that is located posteriorly on the head and is delimited externally by the vertex and the posterior margin of the gena, and medially by the postocciput. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000658;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; ocellus;;A simple eye, consisting of a single, usually round or oval facet. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000661;Goulet, H., and J. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. ;;;; ovipositor;;The anatomical cluster that is composed of the first valvulae, second valvulae, third valvulae, first valvifers, second valvifers and female T9.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000679;Deans, A. R. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; ovipositor sheaths;third valvula;Paired outer protective sclerites surrounding the ovipositor stylets, which are formed from the third valvulae or gonostyli.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001012;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; pedicel;;Second segment of the antenna, which articulates basally with the scape and apically with the flagellum.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000706;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; process;;Here, this term is applied to an extension of the medial portion of the propodeum that projects into the metasoma in Signiphora.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; profemur;;The femur that is located on the fore leg. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001124;Bertone, M. A. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; projection;sternal apodemes;Here, this term is applied to anterior projections of metasomal sclerites 3-6 in signiphorid females.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0002007;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; pronotum;;Dorsal sclerite of the prothorax, which overlaps the sides of the thorax so as to be upside-down U-like.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000853;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; propodeum;abdominal tergum 1;The tergum that is located on abdominal segment 1.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000051;Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London.;;;; protibia;;The tibia that is located on the fore leg.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000350 ;Deans, A. R. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; scape;;The first or basal-most segment of the antenna, which articulates with the head by the radicle.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000908;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; sclerite;; Any plate of the body wall bounded by membrane or sutures. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000909;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; scrobe;antennal scrobe;The scrobe that is located dorsally of the antennal foramen and is for the reception of the antenna. ;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001432;Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; sculpture;;Markings or a pattern of impressions or elevations on the surface of a structure.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000913;Goulet, H., and J. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. ;;;; scutellar sensillum;;The campaniform sensilla that is paired and is located submedially on the mesoscutellum.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001965;"Hopper, K., J. Woolley, K. Hoelmer, K. Wu, G. Qiao, and S. Lee. 2012. An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 26:73-96; Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read, and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.";;;; scutellum;mesoscutellar-axillar complex;"Region of the mesonotum posterior the transscutal articulation; often simply referred to as the scutellum, but composed of the scutellum and axillae. ";http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000572;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; seta;sensillum trichodeum;"Hair-like sensory structure that is articulated basally; sometimes called a trichoid sensillum.";http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0002299;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; seta M1;;"Seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the anterior margin of the wing vein (figure 6); if present, is basal to seta M5. Usually shorter than the other setae in signiphorid wings. Often opposite to or basal to the parastigmal sensilla.";;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M2;;Basal-most seta beyond seta M5, which projects from the dorsal surface of the anterior margin of the marginal vein (figure 6).;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M2b;;When there are 5 setae projecting from the dorsal surface of the anterior margin of the marginal vein, a seta between setae M2 and M3. In these cases, M2 and M2b are between M5 and M6, and M3 is distal to M6.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M3;;Seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the anterior margin of the marginal vein in signiphorids, which is beyond seta M2 and basal to seta M4.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M4;;Apical-most seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the anterior margin of the marginal vein (figure 6).;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M5;;Basal-most seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the posterior margin of the marginal vein (figure 6), next to parastigmal sensilla.;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta M6;;Apical-most seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the posterior margin of the marginal vein (figure 6).;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; seta S;;A strong seta projecting from the dorsal surface of the stigmal vein (figure 6).;;Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;; spine;;The process that lacks non-sclerotised rings at the base.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000949;"Richards, G. A., and P. A. Richards. 1979. The cuticular protuberances of insects. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 8:143-157.; Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.";;;; spur;;The process that is surrounded by conjunctiva and evaginated and that is basally sclerotized.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000951;"Richards, G. A., and P. A. Richards. 1979. The cuticular protuberances of insects. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 8:143-157.; Miko, I. 2009 -2014 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.";;;; stigmal vein;;"Portion of the forewing vein complex that projects into the wing membrane from the apex of the marginal vein; measured from the point at which the stigmal vein and postmarginal vein unite, apically to where the vein appears to end.";;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; submarginal vein;;"Basal-most portion of the forewing vein complex that occurs behind the costal cell; measured from the constriction that delimits the humeral plate to the point at which the vein touches the leading edge of the wing apically.";http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000972;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; tarsomere;;One segment of the tarsus.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000991;Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;; ventral setae (wing);;The setae located on the ventral surface of a wing vein.;;;;;; vertex;;The area that is delimited by the intersection of the margin of the compound eyes, the interorbital plane, and the anatomical line that is tangential to the point on the margin of the anterior ocellus which defines the minimum distance between the anterior ocellus and the oral foramen.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001077;Yoder, M. J. 2009 in HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;; wing;;The appendage with its base inserted between the notum and the pleuron and usually membranous, modified for flight.;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001089;;;;; wing base;;The proximal part of the wing.;;;;;; ;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;; References:;;;;;;;; Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read, and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms. Available from: http://www.canacoll.org/Hym/Staff/Gibson/apss/chglintr.htm. Accessed: December 2016.;;;;;;;; Goulet, H., and J. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. ;;;;;;;; HAO Portal. Available from: http://Portal.hymao.org/ Accessed: March 2017.;;;;;;;; Hopper, K., J. Woolley, K. Hoelmer, K. Wu, G. Qiao, and S. Lee. 2012. An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 26:73-96;;;;;;;; Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a Discussion of Terminology. PLoS ONE 7:e32573.;;;;;;;; Nichols, S. W. (eds.). 1989. The Torre-Bueno Glossary of Entomology. New York Entomological Society and the American Museum of Natural History, New York.;;;;;;;; Richards, G. A., and P. A. Richards. 1979. The cuticular protuberances of insects. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 8:143-157.;;;;;;;; Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London.;;;;;;;; Woolley, J. B. 1988. Phylogeny and classification of the Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 13:465-501.;;;;;;;;