Abstract Petroravenia was until recently considered as a genus of three species (P. eseptata, P. friesii, and P. werdermannii) distributed along the Central Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. This genus was included in the tribe Thelypodieae and was morphologically characterized by being tiny rhizomatous perennial herbs with rosulate leaves, dendritic trichomes, capsular silicles, and incumbent cotyledons. However, the phylogeny of Petroravenia, and its tribal placement, was never analyzed using molecular data. The lack of such studies, as well as the paucity of herbarium collections, suggesting that Petroravenia species are vulnerable and/or endangered, prompted us to address the molecular phylogeny of this genus. For this purpose, we generated comprehensive molecular phylogenies using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL-F and trnH-psbA) data, and conducted morphological comparisons between these species and their closest related taxa. Results from the phylogenetic analyses showed that Petroravenia represents a polyphyletic group, with P. eseptata included in tribe Halimolobeae, and P. friesii and P. werdermannii placed within tribe Eudemeae and related to the genus Alshehbazia. Based on the results obtained from morphological and molecular data, we decided herein to retain the original circumscription of Petroravenia as monospecific within the tribe Halimolobeae and to transfer P. friesii and P. werdermannii to the genus Alshehbazia within the tribe Eudemeae. Systematic implications of these results are also discussed.
Appendix1
New sequences of Petroravenia generated for this study. Species, specimen vouchers, and GenBank accession numbers (ITS, trnL-F, trnH-psbA). For sequences downloaded from GenBank, see Appendix 2.
Appendix 2
Taxa and GenBank accession numbers for the ITS, trnL-F, and trnH-psbA sequences downloaded from GenBank and used in the phylogenetic analyses. New sequences generated for this study are shown in Appendix 1.
Appendix2.docx
Table S1
Table S1. Features of the DNA alignments used in the phylogenetic analyses within Brassicaceae and within tribes Halimolobeae and Eudemeae.
TableS1.docx
Figure S1
Maximum likelihood tree for Brassicaceae generated with RAxML. A, ITS dataset. B, trnL-F dataset. Tribes are indicated to the right of the boxes. Circles on nodes indicate bootstrap support values. The white arrows indicate phylogenetic position of P. friesii and P. werdermanni within the tribe Eudemeae, while black arrow show position of P. eseptata in the tribe Halimolobeae. The vertical line indicates the tribe Thelypodieae, in which Petroravenia is currently included. Units of branch length are proportional to nucleotide substitutions per site.
FigS1.pdf
Figure S2
Maximum likelihood trees for tribes Halimolobeae and Eudemeae generated with RAxML. Tribe Halimolobeae (A–B): A, ITS dataset. B, trnL-F dataset. The black arrow shows the position of P. eseptata within the tribe. Tribe Eudemeae (C–D): C, ITS dataset. D, trnL-F + trnH-psbA (cpDNA) dataset. The grey arrow shows the position of P. friesii and P. werdermanii within the tribe. Numbers on branches correspond to bootstrap support values. Units of branch length are proportional to nucleotide substitutions per site.
FigS2.pdf
Figure S3
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree for tribes Halimolobeae and Eudemeae from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes. Tribe Halimolobeae (A–C): A, ITS dataset. B, trnL-F dataset. C, combined ITS + trnL-F dataset. The black arrow shows the position of P. eseptata within the tribe. Tribe Eudemeae (D–F): D, ITS dataset. E, combined trnL-F + trnH-psbA (cpDNA) dataset. F, combined ITS + cpDNA dataset. The grey arrow shows the position of P. friesii and P. werdermanii within the tribe. Circles on nodes indicate posterior probability values. Units of branch length are proportional to nucleotide substitutions per site.
FigS3.pdf
Brassicaceae ITS alignment
ITS alignment of Brassicaceae dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_ITS_alignment.fas
Brassicaceae ITS Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for Brassicaceae and the ITS dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_ITS_MrBayes.con50.tre
Brassicaceae ITS Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for Brassicaceae generated with RAxML using the ITS dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_ITS_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Brassicaceae trnL-F alignment
trnL-F alignment of Brassicaceae dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_trnLF_alignment.fas
Brassicaceae trnL-F Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for Brassicaceae and the trnL-F dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_trnLF_MrBayes.con50.tre
Brassicaceae trnL-F Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for Brassicaceae generated with RAxML using the trnL-F dataset.
BRASSICACEAE_trnLF_RAxML_BestTree.tre
Halimolobeae ITS alignment
ITS alignment of tribe Halimolobeae dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_ITS_alignment.fas
Halimolobeae ITS Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Halimolobeae and the ITS dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_ITS_MrBayes.con50.tre
Halimolobeae ITS Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Halimolobeae generated with RAxML using the ITS dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_ITS_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Halimolobeae trnL-F alignment
trnL-F alignment of tribe Halimolobeae dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_trnLF_alignment.fas
Halimolobeae trnL-F Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Halimolobeae and the trnL-F dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_trnLF_MrBayes.con50.tre
Halimolobeae trnL-F Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Halimolobeae generated with RAxML using the trnL-F dataset.
HALIMOLOBEAE_trnLF_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Halimolobeae ITS+trnL-F Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Halimolobeae and the concatenated ITS+ trnL-F datasets
HALIMOLOBEAE_ITS+trnLF_MrBayes.con50.tre
Halimolobeae ITS+trnL-F Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Halimolobeae generated with RAxML using the concatenated ITS+ trnL-F datasets.
HALIMOLOBEAE_ITS+trnLF_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Eudemeae ITS alignment
ITS alignment of tribe Eudemeae dataset.
EUDEMEAE_ITS_alignment.fas
Eudemeae ITS Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Eudemeae and the ITS dataset.
EUDEMEAE_ITS_MrBayes.con50.tre
Eudemeae ITS Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Eudemeae generated with RAxML using the ITS dataset.
EUDEMEAE_ITS_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Eudemeae trnL-F alignment
trnL-F alignment of tribe Eudemeae dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnLF_alignment.fas
Eudemeae trnL-F Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Eudemeae and the trnL-F dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnLF_MrBayes.con50.tre
Eudemeae trnL-F Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Eudemeae generated with RAxML using the trnL-F dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnLF_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Eudemeae trnLH-psbA alignment
trnH-psbA alignment of tribe Eudemeae dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnH_alignment.fas
Eudemeae trnH-psbA Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Eudemeae and the trnH-psbA dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnH_MrBayes.con50.tre
Eudemeae trnH-psbA Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Eudemeae generated with RAxML using the trnH-psbA dataset.
EUDEMEAE_trnH_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Eudemeae cpDNA Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Eudemeae and the concatenated cpDNA (trnL-F+trnH-psbA) datasets.
EUDEMEAE_cpDNA_MrBayes.con50.tre
Eudemeae cpDNA Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Eudemeae generated with RAxML using the concatenated cpDNA (trnL-F+trnH) dataset.
EUDEMEAE_cpDNA_RAxML_bestTree.tre
Eudemeae ITS+cpDNA Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree
Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from 6002 trees generated by Bayesian inference with MrBayes for tribe Eudemeae and the concatenated ITS + cpDNA (trnL-F+trnH-psbA) datasets.
EUDEMEAE_ITS+cpDNA_MrBayes.con50.tre
Eudemeae ITS+cpDNA Maximum likelihood tree
Maximum likelihood tree for tribe Eudemeae generated with RAxML using the concatenated ITS+cpDNA (trnL-F+trnH) datasets.
EUDEMEAE_ITS+cpDNA_RAxML_bestTree.tre