Data from: Late Ordovician and Early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: Implications for a warm-water faunal province
Data files
Jan 24, 2024 version files 53.34 KB
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Data1_Late_Katian_Brachiopod_Faunal_List_(Dryad-Upload).xls
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README.md
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Abstract
An unusually rich and diverse suite of virgianid brachiopods, hitherto poorly known, are systematically described here for the first time from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval (late Katian–Aeronian) of North Greenland. The Late Ordovician virgianids comprise typical taxa of the warm-water Tcherskidium fauna (e.g. Tcherskidium tenuicostatum, Proconchidium schleyi, Holorhynchus giganteus, and Deloprosopus dawesi sp. nov.). Among the early Silurian taxa, Virgiana hursti sp. nov. occurs as abundant shell beds, similar to other congeneric species in Laurentia, but has somewhat larger internal skeletal structures, albeit not as extravagantly developed as in the late Katian virgianids; Boraeloides balderi gen. et sp. nov. shows extreme thickening of shell wall and internal structures, approaching the extravagant calcification of Katian virgianids. The highly distinct mid-Aeronian stricklandioid brachiopod genus, Kulumbella, characterized by a shell with criss-cross (divaricate) ribbing, also occurs in North Greenland, represented by K. heimdalli sp. nov., which has the largest and most strongly biconvex shells for the genus. Palaeogeographically, the Late Ordovician virgianid fauna of Laurentia was highly distinct, confined to the low–mid tropical latitudes north of the palaeoequator. In comparison, the early Silurian (Rhuddanian) Virgiana and some related taxa in Laurentia spanned the tropics of both hemispheres, forming extensive shell beds in carbonate basins, although Borealis and Borealoides gen. nov. remained confined largely to the northern hemisphere, suggesting a certain level of provincialism extending into the earliest Silurian. The unusual abundance and richness of the virgianid faunas in North Greenland is likely explained by a palaeoecological preference for warm-water carbonate settings.
Data from: Late Ordovician and Early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm-water faunal province
Late Ordovician (late Katian) brachiopod faunal list used for cluster analysis
Data Structure:
Cases (Column 1: localities)
Variables (Row 1: brachiopod genera; 1=presence; 0=absence)
Faunal data were derived from the following sources:
Cluster analysis of late Katian (Richmondian) brachiopod faunas from Laurentia and other tectonic plates (Fig. 4 of the main paper) is based on following sources (Data 1: Data1_Late Katian Brachiopod Faunal List.xls).
- Anticosti Island, Quebec, Vaureal Formation (Dewing 1999, Jin and Zhan 2008)
- Cincinnati Arch, Richmondian strata of Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana border region (Davis 1985)
- East-Central Alaska (Jin and Blodgett 2020)
- Alaska Terranes, Upper Katian strata, western Alaska (Rasmussen et al., 2012; Jin et al. 2022)
- Hudson Bay, Churchill River Group (Jin et al. 1997). Manitoba, Stony Mountain Formation (Jin and Zhan 2001)
- Mackenzie Mountains, western marginal platform; lower Whittaker Formation (updated in Jin and Blodgett 2020)
- Iowa, upper Maquoketa Group (Wang 1949)
- Texas, Montoya Group, Trans-Pecos Texas (Howe and Reso 1967)
- Tennessee, Fernvale Formation (Howe 1988)
- Oklahoma, Unit 3C, Viola Springs Formation (Alberstaft 1973)
- Wyoming, Bighorn Dolomite (Macomber 1970)
- Avalonia: England?Wales?southern Ireland (Cocks, 2008)
- Baltica, Estonia and Lithuania, Pirgu Stage (Pa?kevi?ius 1994; Hints and Harper 2003; R??musoks 2004)
- Boda Limestone, Sweden, Baltica (Cocks 2005)
- Gorny Altai, Orlov Horizon (Kulkov and Severgina 1989)
- Kazakhstan terranes, upper Chokpar Formation and Dulankara Horizon, Dulankara, (Nikitin et al. 2006)
- Scotland, Girvan district, (Cocks, 2008)
- Sette-Daban, Siberian Platform, Nirunda and Bur horizons (Rozman 1970; Yadrenkina 1978)
- South China, Xiazhen Formation, JYC area (Zhan and Cocks 1998)
- Taimyr, Siberian Platform, Korotkinskaya Formation (Cocks and Modzalevskaya 1997; Modzalevskaya 2003)
References (in addition to main paper)
ALBERSTADT, L.P. 1973. Articulate brachiopods of the Viola Formation (Ordovician) in the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin 117, 90 p.
COCKS, L.R.M. 2005. Strophomenate brachiopods from the Late Ordovician Boda Limestone of Sweden: Their systematics and implications for palaeogeography. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3, 243–282.
COCKS, L.R.M. 2008. A revised review of British Lower Palaeozoic brachiopods. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 161, 276 p.
COCKS L.R.M. AND MODZALEVSKAYA, T.L. 1997. Late Ordovician brachiopods from Taimyr, Arctic Russia, and their paleogeographic significance. Palaeontology, 40, 1061–1093.
DAVIS, R.A. 1985. Cincinnati fossils, an elementary guide to the Ordovician rocks and fossils of the Cincinnati, Ohio, region. Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, Popular Publication Series, 10, 60 p.
DEWING, K. 1999. Late Ordovician and Early Silurian strophomenid brachiopods of Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada. Paleontographica Canadiana, 17, 143 p.
HINTS, L. AND HARPER, D.A.T. 2003. Review of the Ordovician rhynchonelliformean Brachiopoda of the East Baltic: their distribution and biofacies. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 50, 29–43.
HOWE, H.J. 1988. Articulate brachiopods from the Richmondian of Tennessee. Journal of Paleontology, 62, 204–218.
HOWE, H.J. AND RESO, A. 1967. Upper Ordovician brachiopods from the Ely Springs Dolomite in southwestern Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 41, 351–363.
JIN, J. and BLODGETT, B. R. 2020. Late Ordovician brachiopods from east-central Alaska, northwestern margin of Laurentia. Journal of Paleontology, 94, 637–652.
JIN, J., AND ZHAN, R., 2001, Late Ordovician articulate brachiopods from the Red River and Stony Mountain Formations, southern Manitoba. Ottawa, NRC Research Press, 117 p.
Jin J., and Zhan R., 2008, Late Ordovician orthide and billingsellide brachiopods from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada: Diversity change through mass extinctions. Ottawa, NRC Research Press, 159 p.
JIN, J., BLODGETT, R. B., AND HARPER, D. A. T. and RASMUSSEN, C. M. Ø. 2022. Warm-water Tcherskidium Fauna (Brachiopoda) in the Late Ordovician northern hemisphere of Laurentia and peri-Laurentia. Journal of Paleontology, 96, 1461–1478.
KULKOV, N.P. AND SEVERGINA, L.G. 1989. Stratigrafiya i brakhiopody ordovika i nizhnego silura Gornogo Altaya. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, 717, 223 p.
MACOMBER, R.W. 1970. Articulate brachiopods from the upper Bighorn Formation (Late Ordovician) of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology, 44, 416–450.
MODZALEVSKAYA, T.L. 2003. Ordovician-Silurian brachiopods, in Abushik, A.F., Modzalevskaya, T.L., Tolmacheva, T.Yu., Melnikova, L.M., Sobolev, N.N., and Sobolevskaya, R.F. (joint authors), Atlas paleozoiskoi fauny Taimyra: Sankt-Peterburg, Izdatelstvo Sankt-Peterburgskoi Kartograficheskoi Fabriki VSEGEI, p. 30–60.
NIKITIN, I.F., POPOV, L.E., AND BASSETT, M.G. 2006. Late Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods of north-eastern Central Kazakhstan. National Museum of Wales Geological Series, 25, 223–294.
PAŠKEVIČIUS, J. 1994. Baltijos Respubliku geologija. Vilnius, Valstybinis Leidybos Centras, 447 p.
RÕÕMUSOKS, A. 2004. Ordovician strophomenoid brachiopods of northern Estonia. Fossilia Baltica, 3, 1–151.
ROZMAN, Kh.S. 1970. Stratigrafiya i brakhiopody srednego i verkhnego ordovika khr. Sette-Daban i verkhnego ordovika Selennyakhskogo kryazha. Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta, Akademii Nauk SSSR, 205, 8–143.
WANG, Y. 1949. Maquoketa Brachiopoda of Iowa. Geological Society of America Memoir, 42, 55 p.
YADRENKINA, A.G. 1978. Brachiopods. Transactions of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, 340, 69–90. [in Russian]
ZHAN R.B. AND COCKS, L.R.M. 1998. Late Ordovician brachiopods from the South China plate, and their palaeogeographical significance. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 59, 70 p.
In the spreadsheet, presence of genus = 1; absence of genus = 0
Cluster anaylisis was performed using PAST (Hammer et al. 2001), a free online software package widely used for statistical analyses of palaeontological data. Similarity coefficient = Raup-Crick.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T., and Ryan, P.D., 2001. PAST: PAleontological STatistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 4, 9 p.
http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.