Juusola, Mikko1, 2; Dau, An1; Song, Zhuoyi1; Solanki, Narendra1; Rien, Diana1, 2; Jaciuch, David1; Dongre, Sidhartha Anil1; Blanchard, Florence1; de Polavieja, Gonzalo G.; Hardie, Roger C.3; Takalo, Jouni1

Published Aug 28, 2018 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12751

Abstract

Small fly eyes should not see fine image details. Because flies exhibit saccadic visual behaviors and their compound eyes have relatively few ommatidia (sampling points), their photoreceptors would be expected to generate blurry and coarse retinal images of the world. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila see the world far better than predicted from the classic theories. By using electrophysiological, optical and behavioral assays, we found that R1-R6 photoreceptors' encoding capacity in time is maximized to fast high-contrast bursts, which resemble their light input during saccadic behaviors. Whilst over space, R1-R6s resolve moving objects at saccadic speeds beyond the predicted motion-blur-limit. Our results show how refractory phototransduction and rapid photomechanical photoreceptor contractions jointly sharpen retinal images of moving objects in space-time, enabling hyperacute vision, and explain how such microsaccadic information sampling exceeds the compound eyes' optical limits. These discoveries elucidate how acuity depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements.

Figure 1 (all responses to stimuli)

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Figure 1-Fig Supl 1 (data from all cells)

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Figure 2 (SNR, infromation and efficiency)

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Figure 2-Fig Supl 1

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Figure 2-Fig Supl 2 (eye-movement noise)

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Figure 2-Fig Supl 3 (Burst, WN and NS)

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Figure 2-Figure Suplement 4

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Figure 3 (all WN simulations final)

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Figure 4 (simulated responses SNR info)

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Figure 5 (Info max all cells)

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Figure 5-Fig Supl 1 (comparing response SNRs )

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Figure 6 (Combined)

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Figure 6-Fig Supl 1 (Sac Lin Shuf Rec and sim)

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Figure 7 (all two dots data)

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Figure 7-Fig Supl 1 (WT and hdc DA RFs)

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Figure 7-Fig Supl 2 (WT and hdc LA RFs)

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Figure 8 (microsaccades)

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Figure 8-Fig Supl 1 (WToutput 205 and 409 degs)

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Figure 9 (hyperacuity predictions)

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Figure 9-Fig Supl 1 (hyperacuity at 25C)

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Figure 10 (hyperacute optomotor experiments)

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Figure 10-Fig Supl 1 (all hyperacuity data)

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Data from: Microsaccadic sampling of moving image information provides Drosophila hyperacute vision

Data files