Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits
Cite this dataset
Tschol, Maximilian; Bocedi, Greta; Reid, Jane (2024). Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2547d7wzz
Abstract
Understanding what processes shape the formation of species’ geographic range limits is one central objective linking ecology and evolutionary biology. One potentially key process is sexual selection; yet, theory examining how sexual selection could shape eco-evolutionary dynamics in marginal populations is still lacking. In species with separate sexes, range limits could be shaped by limitations in encountering mates at low densities. Sexual selection could therefore modulate mate limitation and resulting extinction-colonisation dynamics at range margins, through the evolution of mate encounter ability and/or mate competition traits, and their demographic consequences. We use a spatially explicit eco-genetic model to reveal how different forms of sexual selection can variably affect emerging range limits. Here, we provide simulation output of the eco-genetic individual-based model to produce article Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.
README: Data from: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2547d7wzz
The dataset contains simulation output presented in the article: Sexual selection and mate limitation shape evolution of species’ range limits.
Data includes two types of .txt files:
- [Simulation Number]_Para.txt = Parameter files that specify parametrization of the model
- [Simulation Number]_Pops.txt = Population files that contain demographic and trait variables
Variable names explained:
Parameter names follow the description in the parameters.h file located in the Related Works section.
a) _Para.txt files
SimNr: Simulation Number or ID
rep: Replicate simulation
gen: Generation
maxK: Maximum carrying capacity at range core (see Table S1 in SI)
slopeK: Slope of the gradient in carrying capacity (see Table S1 in SI)
patch_size: Area of each subpopulation (see Table S1 in SI)
ME_Nloci: Number of diploid loci for mate encounter trait (see Table S1 in SI)
ME_intVar: initial genotypic variance for mate encounter trait (see Table S1 in SI)
ME_mean: initial genotypic mean for mate encounter trait (see Table S1 in SI)
ME_std: standard variation in mate encounter of normal distribution (translates to variance in mutational effects in Table S1 in SI)
ME_dimorphism: dimorphism in mate encounter trait; adjusts expression of trait in females: 0 = no expression, 1= the same as males
ME_mut_on: whether mate encounter trait mutates
ME_mut_prob: mutation probability of mate encounter trait
ME_upp_threshold: threshold the phenotype
MC_Nloci: Number of diploid loci for mate competition trait (see Table S1 in SI)
MC_intVar: initial genotypic variance for mate competition trait (see Table S1 in SI)
MC_mean: initial genotypic mean for mate competition trait (see Table S1 in SI)
MC_std: standard variation in mate competition of normal distribution (translates to variance in mutational effects in Table S1 in SI)
MC_dimorphism: dimorphism in mate competition trait; adjusts expression of the trait in females: 0 = no expression, 1= the same as males.
MC_mut_on: whether mate competition trait mutates
MC_mut_prob: mutation probability of mate competition trait
MC_upp_threshold: threshold the phenotype
w_ME: strength of selection (see Table S1 in SI)
optimum_ME: naturally selected optimum for mate encounter (see Table S1 in SI)
w_MC: strength of selection (see Table S1 in SI)
optimum_MC: naturally selected optimum for mate competition (see Table S1 in SI)
pre_dispersal: whether dispersal occurs before survival; 0= pre-dispersal, 1= post-dispersal
disp_cost: cost of dispersal in terms of reduced survival probability
disp_distance: mean dispersal distance on continuous space
next_neighbour: whether next neighbor dispersal occurs
max_beta: competition parameter (called alpha in Table S1 in SI)
beta_gradient: gradient in competition parameter
fecundity_cost: determines whether females bear a fecundity cost for encountering males
rec_prob: recombination probability per loci
monogamy: whether males mate only once (females always mate only once in this model)
control_types: 0 = run normal sims, 1= mate encounter probability depends on area (1/A), 2= mate encounter probability is independent of area and trait
pop_output: whether output population data
ind_output: whether output individual data
ind_interval: generation interval for individual output
sel_output: whether output selection data
b) _Pops.txt files
rep: Replicate simulation
gen: Generation
x: X coordinate
y: Y coordinate
k: Carrying Capacity
beta: Competition paramter
nf: Number of females
nm: Number of males
m_gme: mean genotypic value mate encounter
v_gme: genotypic variance value mate encounter
m_gmc: mean genotypic value mate competition
v_gmc: genotypic variance value mate competition
cov: Covariance between ME and MC
prop_funmated: Proportion of unmated females
m_emig: male emigrants per generation
f_emig: female emigrant per generation
m_imig: male immigrant individuals per generation
f_imig: female immigrant individuals per generation
Methods
Data were simulated using an eco-genetic individual-based model with the source code provided under Related Works.
Funding
Royal Society, Award: UF160614
Royal Society, Award: RGF\EA\180184
Norwegian University of Science and Technology