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Dryad

Biogeographic inferences across spatial and evolutionary scales

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Jan 20, 2023 version files 38.62 MB

Abstract

The field of biogeography unites landscape genetics and phylogeography under a common conceptual framework. Landscape genetics traditionally focuses on recent-time, population-based, small geographic scale, spatial genetics processes, while phylogeography typically investigates deep past, lineage- and species-based processes at large geographic scales. Here, we evaluate the link between landscape genetics and phylogeographic methods using the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) as a model species. First, we conducted replicated landscape genetics studies across several geographic scales to investigate how population genetics inferences change depending on the spatial extent of the study area. Then, we carried out a phylogeographic study of population structure at two evolutionary scales informed by inferences derived from landscape genetics results to identify concordance and conflict between these sets of methods. We found significant concordance in landscape genetics processes at all but the largest geographic scale. Phylogeographic results indicate major clades are restricted to distinct river drainages or distinct hydrologic regions. At a more recent timescale, we find minor clades are restricted to single river canyons in the majority of cases, while the remainder of river canyons include samples from at most two clades. Overall, the broad scale pattern implicating stream and river valleys as key features linking populations in the landscape genetics results, and high degree of clade specificity within major topographic subdivisions in the phylogeographic results, is consistent. As landscape genetics and phylogeography share many of the same objectives, synthesizing theory, models, and methods between these fields will help bring about a better understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes structuring genetic variation across space and time.