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Dryad

Destabilizing effects on a classic tri-trophic oyster-reef cascade

Cite this dataset

Rakocinski, Chet; Schweiss, Virginia (2020). Destabilizing effects on a classic tri-trophic oyster-reef cascade [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.47d7wm3b5

Abstract

How interactions among multiple predators affect the stability of trophic cascades is a topic of special ecological interest. To examine factors affecting the stability of the classic tri-trophic oyster reef cascade within a different context, configurations of three predators, including the Gulf toadfish, Gulf stone crab, and oystershell mud crab, were manipulated together with either oyster shell or limestone gravel substrate within a multiple predator effects (MPE) experiment. Additionally, a complimentary set of trait-mediated-indirect interaction (TMII) experiments examined the inhibition of oyster consumption relative to mud-crab size and top predator identity in the absence of other cues and factors. The classic tri-trophic cascade formed by the toadfish-mud crab-oyster configuration was potentially weakened by several interactions within the MPE experiment. Consumption of oysters and mud crabs by the intraguild stone crab was undeterred by the presence of toadfish. Although mud crab feeding was inhibited in the presence of both toadfish and stone crabs, estimated non-consumptive effects (NCEs) were weaker for stone crabs in the MPE experiment. Consequently, the total effect was destabilizing when all three predator species were together. Inhibition of mud crab feeding was inversely related to direct predation on mud crabs within the MPE experiment. Complimentary TMII experiments revealed greater inhibition of mud crab feeding in response to stone crabs under sparse conditions. TMII experiments also implied that inhibition of mud crab feeding could have largely accounted for NCEs relative to oysters within the MPE experiment, as opposed to interference by other mud crabs or top predators. An inverse relationship between mud crab size and NCE strength in the TMII experiment disclosed another potentially destabilizing influence on the tri-trophic-cascade. Finally, although habitat complexity generally dampened the consumption of oysters across MPE treatments, complex habitat promoted mud crab feeding in the presence of toadfish alone. This study underscores how ecological interactions can mediate trophic cascades and provides some additional insights into the trophic dynamics of oyster reefs for further testing under natural conditions.

Methods

Dataset established through compilations of laboratory experiments consisting of mesocosms comprising multiple predator species and juvenile oysters as prey - the response variables reflect predation mortality on the basal prey, juvenile oysters, and on the intermediate predator, the mud crab - files represent data for (1) multiple predator effect experiments and (2) for trait-mediated indirect effect (TMII) experiments.

Usage notes

Data files are uploaded as IBM SPSS files which can be viewed in flatfile or variable definition formats - the latter format provides metafile contextual information for the variables

Funding