Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems
Data files
Dec 11, 2023 version files 7.28 MB
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Data_S1.zip
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README.md
Abstract
As particularly common minerals in granites, the presence of feldspar and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges at hydrothermal conditions have important implications in fault strength and reactivation. We present laboratory observations of frictional strength and stability of feldspar (K-feldspar and albite) and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges under conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs to evaluate the impact on fault stability. Velocity-stepping experiments are performed at a confining stress of 95 MPa, pore pressures of 35–90 MPa and temperatures of 120–400°C representative of in situ conditions for such reservoirs. Our experiment results show that the feldspar gouge is frictionally strong (μ~0.71) at all experimental temperatures (~120–400℃) but transitions from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at T>120°C. Increasing the pore pressure increases the friction coefficient (~0.70-0.87) and the gouge remains velocity weakening, but this weakening decreases as pore pressures increase. The presence of alteration-sourced chlorite leads to a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening in the mixed gouge at experimental temperatures and pore pressures. As a ubiquitous mineral in reservoir rocks, feldspar is shown to potentially contribute to unstable sliding over ranges in temperature and pressure typical in deep hydrothermal reservoirs. These findings emphasize that feldspar minerals may increase the potential for injection-induced seismicity on pre-existing faults if devoid of chlorite alteration.
README
Zijuan Hu, Chongyuan Zhang, Lei Zhang, Derek Elsworth, Quan Gan, Huiru Lei, Manchao He, Leihua Yao. Frictional Properties of Feldspar-chlorite Altered Gouges and Implications for Fault Reactivation in Hydrothermal Systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.
Data S1
The shear displacement and frictional coefficient data for all friction experiments on simulated feldspar and feldspar/chlorite mixed gouges.
Authors
Zijuan Hu
School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
hzijuan@126.com
Chongyuan Zhang
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
zhchongyuan@126.com
Lei Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
zhanglei@ies.ac.cn
Derek Elsworth
Energy and Mineral Engineering, EMS Energy Institute and G3 Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
elsworth@psu.edu
Quan Gan
School of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing university, Chongqing 400044, China
quan.gan@cqu.edu.cn
Huiru Lei
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
leihuiru@ies.ac.cn
Manchao He
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
hemanchao@263.net
Leihua Yao
School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
leihuayao@163.com
File lists (files found within DataS1.zip)
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-01.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-02.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-03.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-04.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-05.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-06.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-07.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-08.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-09.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-10.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-11.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-12.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-13.xlsx
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-14.xlsx
File description
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-01.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-01 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 180°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-02.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-02 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 90MPa and temperature of 180°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-03.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-03 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 400°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-04.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-04 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 300°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-05.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-05 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 400°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-06.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-06 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 300°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-07.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-07 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 180°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-08.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-08 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 120°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-09.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-09 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 35MPa and temperature of 120°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-10.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-10 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 90MPa and temperature of 180°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-11.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-11 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 50MPa and temperature of 180°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-12.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-12 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 50MPa and temperature of 180°C).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-13.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-13 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 70MPa and temperature of 180°C, mixed gouges).
Hu_et_al_2023_CK-14.xlsx: C The shear displacement (column 1) and frictional coefficient (column 2) data for Experiment CK-14 (confining pressure of 95MPa, pore pressure of 70MPa and temperature of 180°C).