https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtnp

Morphometrics of a large dataset of 153 fossil and 226 Recent specimens of abalone (genus Haliotis) used in the paper "Fossil abalone of Europe and their relationships with modern Haliotis (Haliotidae, Gastropoda): a multivariate analysis". All fossil shells are from Europe and range Early Miocene-Pleistocene. Recent shells are from the Mediterranean, the eastern Atlantic and the Red Sea.

Description of the data and file structure

The dataset includes data on taxonomy, repository, catalogue number, age, locality of provenance and reference (if published) on a total of 379 shells (not casts, not moulds). Measures (in mm) include shell length (L), shell length from apex to L midline (l1), shell width (W), shell width from apex to W midline (w1), shell height (H). Additional measures are total number of tremata (NT) and number of open tremata (OT). Specimens were used multivariate analysis (Dominici et al., 2024) only if all of the above measures were availabe; "na" stands for non-available data.

Sharing/Access information

Data freed from copyright were derived from the following published sources:

• Cossmann, A.É.M., and Peyrot, A., 1917, Conchologie Néogénique de l’Aquitaine: Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, v. 69, p. 157–365.
• Dominici, S., Forli, M. Brunetti, M.M. and Taviani, M. 2024, Fossil abalone of Europe and their relationships with modern Haliotis (Haliotidae, Gastropoda): a multivariate analysis: Journal of Paleontology.
• Forli, M., Dell’Angelo, B., Ciappelli, F., and Taviani, M., 2003, A new species of Haliotidae (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) in the Italian Pliocene: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 38, p. 149–154.
• Forli, M., Stalennuy, A., and Dell’Angelo, B., 2015, Reports of *Haliotis *Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca Vetigastropoda) from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine: Biodiversity Journal, v. 6 (1), p. 87–94.
• Geiger, D.L., and Owen, B., 2012, Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae: Hackenheim: Conchbooks. viii + 361 p.
• Inzani, A., 1983, Rinvenimento di esemplari di Haliotis tubercolata lamellosoides Sacco nel Pliocene della Val Chiavenna: Notiziario Mineralogia e Paleontologia, v. 36, p. 12–15.
• Owen, B., 2014, A new species of Haliotis (Gastropoda) from São Tomé & Príncipe Islands, Gulf of Guinea, with comparisons to other Haliotis found in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Zootaxa, v. 3838: 113–119.
• Pinna, G. and Spezia, L., 1978, Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. V. I tipi dei gasteropodi fossili: Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturale e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, v. 119: p. 125–180.
• Ruggieri, G., 1990, Una Haliotis del Miocene superiore (Saheliano) della Sicilia: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 25, p. 349–354.
• Sacco, F., 1897, I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria, v. 22, 128 p.

Extant taxa in Dataset 1 are H. tuberculata tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758, H. t. coccinea Reeve, 1846, H. t. fernandesi Owen and Afonso, 2012, H. stomatiaeformis Reeve, 1846, H. tuberculata "Dakar", H. geigeri Owen, 2014, and H. marmorata Linnaeus, 1758.

Fossil taxa in Dataset 1 are H. benoisti Cossmann, 1896, H. volhynica Eichwald, 1829, H. lamellosoides Sacco, 1897, H. bertinii Forli et al., 2003, H. plioetrusca sp. nov., H. stalennuyi Owen and Berschauer, 2017, H. ovata Michelotti, 1847, H. monilifera Michelotti, 1847 and H. torrei Ruggieri, 1990.

For measures of specimens not published here, the reader is referred to the following papers:

• Owen, B., and Berschauer, D., 2017, An Iconography of Haliotis volhynica Eichwald, 1829, and description of a new species of Haliotis from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine: The Festivus, v. 49, p. 39–44.
• Owen, B., Ryall, P. and Pan, A.D., 2015, Iconography and distribution of the Cape Verde Island Abalone, Haliotis tuberculata fernandesi Owen & Afonso, 2012, with comparisons to H. tuberculata coccinea Reeve, 1846, of the Canary Islands: The Festivus, v. 47, p. 243–249.

Dataset 2 includes the first five of the above extant taxa, excluding specimens that lacked one or more measures (usually H). Dataset 2 includes 112 specimens that served statistical analyses (Dominici et al., in press). Only data highlighted in yellow were used in multivariate analysis.

Dataset 3, also used for statistical analyses (Dominici et al., in press), includes 135 fossil specimens, belonging to the first five species among the fossil taxa listed above. All specimens lacking one or more measures were not included. Only data highlighted in yellow were used in multivariate analysis.

Multivariate analyses were performed using RStudio (version: 2023.12.1+402), with the stats (R Core Team 2022) and vegan (Oksanen et al., 2022) packages. The annotated code pertaining to the multivariate analysis is adapted from Southgate and Militz (2023).

References

• Dominici, S., Forli, M. Brunetti, M.M. and Taviani, M., 2024, Fossil abalone of Europe and their relationships with modern Haliotis (Haliotidae, Gastropoda): a multivariate analysis: Journal of Paleontology.
• Oksanen, J., Simpson, G., Blanchet, F., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P., O’Hara, R., Solymos, P., Stevens, M., Szoecs, E., Wagner, H., Barbour, M., Bedward, M., Bolker, B., Borcard, D., Carvalho, G., Chirico, M., De Caceres, M., Durand, S., Evangelista, H., Fitzjohn, R., Friendly, M., Furneaux, B., Hannigan, G., Hill, M., Lahti, L., McGlinn, D., Ouellette, M., Ribeiro Cunha, E., Smith, T., Stier, A., Ter Braak, C., and Weedon, J., 2022, vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.6-4: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf
• Southgate, P.C., and Militz, T.A., 2023, A multivariate approach to morphological study of shell form in cowries (Gastropoda, Cypraeidae): a case study with Umbilia armeniaca (Verco, 1912): ZooKeys, v. 1158, p. 69–89.