White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are among the most abundant and widespread large mammals in the Americas, comprising up to 38 subspecies ranging from Northern Canada to Peru. Although believed to have high genetic diversity, surprisingly few genomic resources are currently available, despite the species’ ecological and economic importance. White-tailed deer and other cervids throughout central North America are currently being afflicted by chronic wasting disease (CWD), one of the degenerative prion diseases collectively known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Although CWD is of major importance to white-tailed deer management, little is currently known about innate resistance or susceptibility to CWD outside of polymorphisms in the prion protein gene, Prnp, though a recent study using microsatellites suggests that the disease may have additional underlying genetic components. Further association analysis is hindered by low marker density. In this study, we used high-throughput SOLiD sequencing to create novel sequence data for white-tailed deer and identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms, using the pooled blood transcriptomes of six individuals. In total, we generated 14,010 contigs of length ≥ 200 nt, representing 4,104,760 nt of unique sequence data, and we identified 66,596 SNPs. This data represents one of the largest genetic resources currently available for any cervid. We hope it will facilitate future research for population genomics and assist with the identification of genetic factors that underlie disease resistance and other traits relevant for conservation and management.