Source data for: All figures and tables included in NCOMMS-23-03997A
Data files
Dec 13, 2023 version files 44.80 KB
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Pendergraft_et_al._2023_Nature_Comm_Source_Data.xlsx
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README.md
Abstract
Tools enable animals to exploit and command new resources. However, the neural circuits underpinning tool use and how neural activity varies with an animal’s tool proficiency, are only known for humans and some other primates. We use 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to image the brain activity of naïve vs trained American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) when presented with a task requiring the use of stone tools. As in humans, talent affects the neural circuits activated by crows as they prepare to execute the task. Naïve and less proficient crows use neural circuits associated with sensory- and higher-order processing centers (the mesopallium and nidopallium), while highly proficient individuals increase activity in circuits associated with motor learning and tactile control (hippocampus, tegmentum, nucleus basorostralis, and cerebellum). Greater proficiency is found primarily in adult female crows and may reflect their need to use more cognitively complex strategies, like tool use, to obtain food.
README: Supplementary Dataset
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9xx
Sheet 1 (source data for Figures 2, 3, and 4 top and Supplementary Figures 1-5 in the SI) shows the coordinates of activity (Z > 4.0) identified by the program Neurostat (University of Utah) for all 17 volumes of interest (VOIs) shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4. They are sorted according to the comparison being made. VOIs 1-4 and 5-6 are from comparing the post-training scans of the high vs low proficiency birds. 1-4: activity that was significantly higher for the high proficiency crows compared to the low proficiency. 5-6: significantly higher for the low proficiency birds compared to high. VOI 7 is from comparing the post-training scans of the high vs medium proficiency birds. Like 5-6, the Z-score is negative because the activity was higher for the medium-proficiency birds compared to the high-proficiency crows. Finally, VOIs 9-17 are from comparing the post-training scans against the pre-training scans for all the birds (regardless of eventual proficiency). Columns E-G show the coordinates of the VOI in Neurostat. Note that the Z-coordinates (column G) corresponds to the slice number shown in Supplementary Figures 1-6 in SI). Columns H-J show the equivalent coordinates in the 2007 Izawa & Watanabe jungle crow atlas. Note that the Z-coordinates (column J) correspond to the AP values shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Column K shows the brain region identified by the 2007 Izawa & Watanabe jungle crow atlas the coordinate appears to correspond to, though we note any uncertainties or disagreements according to Kersten et al.'s 2022 Carrion crow atlas in Column L (we use “N/A” in the cell if we had no further comments about the position).
Sheet 2 (source data for Figures 2, 3, and 4 bottom) shows the normalized uptake values (Column H) for every scan (Column C) of each individual bird (Column A) at the corresponding coordinates for each VOI identified in sheet 1 (Column F). We also included the bird's proficiency (Column E) to make it easier to recreate the bottom graphs of Figs 2-4.
Sheet 3 (source data for Figure 5, Tables 1-2, and Supplementary Figures 7+9 and Supplementary Tables 1-2 in the SI) contains all the physical (Columns C-S) and training (Columns T-AM) information for every crow (Column A) used in this study. Some cells in Columns W-AL contain “N/A” if the crow did not spend any training days at the indicated proficiency level (e.g., because they never reached that proficiency, or because they skipped directly to the next proficiency).
Sheet 4 (source data for Supplementary Figure 8 in the SI) shows the behavior of each crow during the uptake phase of the imaging process (i.e., when the stimulus was being repeatedly shown and hidden from them). Blink rate is calculated as number of blinks per 60 s. Note that we were unable to obtain eye-related data due to the crow’s position within the stimulus cage for 3 of the scans (rows 7, 11, and 22); these missing measures are denoted by “N/A”.