Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is often used for the treatment of low-back pain (LBP). However, its effectiveness is controversial. Objective: To determine the efficacy of TENS in the treatment LBP when associated to a therapeutic education program (TEP). Design: Open randomized monocentric study. Setting: University hospital between 2010 and 2014. Patients: A total of 97 patients suffering from LBP. Interventions: Routine care (TENS group) or routine care plus a therapeutic education program (TENS-TEP group) based on consultation support by a pain resource nurse Main outcome measures: EIFEL and Dallas Pain Questionnaire scores. Results: Twenty-two patients (44%) were still assessable at the end-of-study visit, whereas 33 (70%) were assessable at the same time point in the TENS-TEP group (P = 0.013). The EIFEL score and the Dallas score had a similar evolution over time between groups (p = 0.18 and p = 0.50 respectively). Similarly, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to resting pain scores (p = 0.94 for back pain and p = 0.16 for leg pain) and movement pain scores (p = 0.52 for back pain and p = 0.56 for leg pain). At Month 6, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.85) with regard to analgesics and social impact. Two patients presented a serious adverse event during the study (one in each group) but non-attributable to the treatment studied. Conclusion: This study does not support the use of TENS in the treatment of patients with chronic LBP even though patients benefited from a therapeutic education program by a pain resource nurse. However, the higher number of premature withdrawals in the TENS group may be due to early withdrawal of patients who did not experience improvement of their symptoms.