Physiological responses to short-term environmental stressors, such as infection, can have long-term consequences for fitness, particularly if the responses are inappropriate or nutrient resources are limited. Genetic variation affecting energy acquisition, storage, and usage can limit cellular energy availability and may influence resource-allocation tradeoffs even when environmental nutrients are plentiful. Here, we utilized Drosophila mitochondrial-nuclear genotypes to test whether disrupted mitochondrial function interferes with nutrient-sensing pathways, and whether this disruption has consequences for tradeoffs between immunity and fecundity. We found that an energetically-compromised genotype was relatively resistant to rapamycin – a drug that targets nutrient-sensing pathways and mimics resource limitation. Dietary resource limitation decreased survival of energetically-compromised flies. Furthermore, survival of infection with a natural pathogen was decreased in this genotype, and females of this genotype experienced immunity-fecundity tradeoffs that were not evident in genotypic controls with normal energy metabolism. Together, these results suggest that this genotype may have little excess energetic capacity and fewer cellular nutrients, even when environmental nutrients are not limiting. Genetic variation in energy metabolism may therefore act to limit the resources available for allocation to life-history traits in ways that generate tradeoffs even when environmental resources are not limiting.
Figure 2 Survival Data
Survival Data Figure 2: Each row represents survival data for a replicate vial. Columns: mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rap—uM rapamycin; replicate—replicate; Group—(a [adult survival], f [females], m [males]); Individuals—number of individuals scored as surviving to eclosion (these are 'alive' data; used a 50:50 sex ratio and 50 starting individuals to estimate the number dead); treatment—Rapamycin concentration as a factor; newvial—unique vial identifier; genotype—unique genotype identifier; MNT—concatenated mito,nuc,treatment
Data_Figure_2.txt
Figure 3 Survival Data
Survival Data Figure 3: Each row represents survival data for a replicate vial. Columns: vial—unique identifier; EggDate—Date of egg collection; Time—Time of setup; pupadata—day of first pupa; ecloseday—day of first eclosion; sex—sex; totals—number of individuals at start; totalp—number of individuals at pupation; ealivesex—number of individuals alive by sex at eclosion; epredsex—predicted number of males and females (50); edeadsex—Predicted number by sex minus number observed alive; totalalive—total without separating by sex; prednosex—number of individuals that started; totaldead—number of individuals alive subtracted from number started; Notes—extra information as needed; mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rap—rapamycin treatment; food—diet; rep—replicate; ordered—original data frame order; random—randomly generated list used for data collection
Data_Figure_3.txt
Figures 2, 3 & 4 Development Time Data
Rapamycin Development Time Data (Figures 2, 3, & 4): Each row represents an individual with an individual development time. Columns: mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rap—rapamycin treatment; vial—which vial an individual was housed in can be utilized as unique identifier; sex—sex; devtime—development time of individuals in hours; rep—replicate vial; food—diet; year—groups based on project time
Data_Rapamycin_Development_Time_Figures_2_3_4.txt
Figure 5 Data
Infection Survival Data Figure 5: Each row represents a vial. Columns: mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rep—replicate; treatment—infected (B) or control (P); sex—sex; Date—start date; OD—optical density of injected bacteria; FlyNumber—number of individuals in the vial at start; Time—time of infection; a0-a18—counts of alive individuals; h0-h18—time of counts at respective number; A0-A18—number of alive individuals at each respective time; D0-D18—number of dead individuals at each respective time; alive—total number of alive individuals; dead—total number of dead individuals
Data_Figure_5.txt
Figure 6 Data
Figure 6 Fecundity Data: Each row represents the offspring by sex from an individual female. Column: Box—the box that the vial was placed into in the incubator; infectdate—date that individuals were infected; day—day of female egg lay; mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; sex—sex; treatment— infected (B) or control (P); rep—individuals taken from same replicate vial; number—replicate female number; sextotal—number of males or female offspring eclosed; vialtotal—total number of offspring produced per day; Vfail—denotation of failure to produce any offspring
Data_Figure_6.txt
Supplementary Figure 2 Data
Supplementary Figure 2 Data: Each row represents a vial with individual survival. Columns: mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rap—uM rapamycin as a numeric variable; vial—unique identifier; pupae date—date of first observed pupae; pupae time—time of first observed pupae; sex—sex; sexalive—number of individuals counted per sex; sexdead—number of individuals counted subtracted from total put in per sex; vialalive—number of individuals counted; vialdead—number of individuals counted subtracted from total put in
Data_SF2.txt
Supplementary Figure 4 Data
Supplementary Figure 4 Data: Each row is an individual timepoint. Columns: mito—mitochondrial genotype; nuc—nuclear genotype; rep—replicate; treatment— infected (B) or control (P); sex—sex; Date—setup date; OD—optical density of bacteria used for infection; ID—individuals within vial; start—start time of survival measurement; end—end time of survival measurement; death—0 is alive, 1 is dead; UniqueID—unique identifier of individual; vial—vial id
Data_SF4.txt
