Data from: Repeated evolution of photoperiodic plasticity by different genetic architectures during recurrent colonizations in a butterfly
Data files
Jan 22, 2025 version files 140.52 KB
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36D_Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
7.62 KB
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36D_MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
6.49 KB
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36D_Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
8.20 KB
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44D_Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
7.62 KB
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44D_MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
6.49 KB
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44D_Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
8.20 KB
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Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
7.62 KB
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Compare_to_Prui_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
7.55 KB
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Correlation_of_decisions.csv
2.61 KB
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means1_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
221 B
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means1_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
221 B
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means2_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
327 B
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means2_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
335 B
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MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
6.49 KB
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MF_PUPAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
6.44 KB
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MF_SS_GG_GS_SG_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
10.68 KB
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MF_SS_GG_GS_SG_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
10.62 KB
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Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION_2.csv
5.14 KB
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Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
8.20 KB
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Pop_GG_SS_C_PUPAL_DECISION_2.csv
5.12 KB
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Pop_GG_SS_C_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
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README.md
16.18 KB
Abstract
In cases of recurrent colonization of similar habitats from the same base population, it is commonly expected that repeated phenotypic adaptation is caused by parallel changes in genetic variation. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that similar phenotypic variation may also evolve by alternative genetic pathways. Here we explore the repeated evolution of photoperiodic plasticity for diapause induction across Swedish populations of the Speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria. This species has colonized Scandinavia at least twice and population genomic results show that one of the candidate regions associated with spatial variation in photoperiodism is situated on the Z-chromosome. Here we assay hybrid crosses between several populations that differ in photoperiodic plasticity for sex-linked inheritance of the photoperiodic reaction norm. We find that while a cross between more distantly related populations from the two different colonization events shows strong sex-dependent inheritance of photoperiodic plasticity, a cross between two more closely related populations within the oldest colonization range shows no such effect. We conclude that the genotype-phenotype map for photoperiodic plasticity varies across these populations and that similar local phenotypic adaptation has evolved during recurrent colonization events by partly non-parallel genetic changes.
README: Repeated evolution of photoperiodic plasticity by different genetic architectures during recurrent colonizations in a butterfly
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9zw3r22pw
Description of the data and file structure
This file contains information about the data files used in the manuscript entitled “Repeated evolution of photoperiodic plasticity by different genetic architectures during recurrent colonizations in a butterfly”. Descriptions of the data and explanations for each column in the data tables are given under each file name below.
Files and variables
File: means1_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: The proportion of individuals inducing diapause in the larval decision within each treatment for every genotype (GG, SS, CC).
Variables
- pop: the genotype, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- treatm: the photoperiodic treatment of either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- mean: the proportion that induced diapause
File: means1_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
Description: The proportion of individuals inducing diapause in the pupal decision within each treatment for every genotype (GG, SS, CC).
Variables
- pop: the genotype, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- treatm: the photoperiodic treatment of either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- mean: the proportion that induced diapause
File: means2_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: The proportion of individuals inducing diapause in the larval decision within each treatment, for every genotype (GS, SG), while taking sex into account.
Variables
- treatm: the photoperiodic treatment of either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- sex: the sex (F: female, M: male)
- mean: the proportion that induced diapause
File: means2_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
Description: The proportion of individuals inducing diapause in the pupal decision within each treatment, for every genotype (GS, SG), while taking sex into account.
Variables
- treatm: the photoperiodic treatment of either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- sex: the sex (F: female, M: male)
- mean: the proportion that induced diapause
File: MF_PUPAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the pupal decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account (the main question of the manuscript).
Variables
- Treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- Mother: id of the individual’s mother
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account (the main question of the manuscript).
Variables
- Treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- Mother: id of the individual’s mother
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: MF_SS_GG_GS_SG_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data of the pupal decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or GG (Gotland).
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
- cross_sex: the cross and sex combined, for instance GGM for a male from Gotland.
File: Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined.
Variables
- Treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- Mother: id of the individual’s mother
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: Pop_GG_SS_C_PUPAL_DECISION_2.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the pupal decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
- cross_new: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
File: Pop_GG_SS_C_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the pupal decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined.
Variables
- Treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- Mother: id of the individual’s mother
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses from the present study to the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018.
Variables
- Exp: the study the individual originates from, the current study (A) or the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018 (P)
- Direction: the direction is based on the father of the individual’s origin. N for north and S for south. For instance, an individual from the GS cross has a father from Stockholm. Since, Stockholm is further north in Sweden than Gotland, that individual is categorized as N.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SU X SK (mother from Sundsvall and father from Skåne) or SK X SU (mother from Skåne and father from Sundsvall)
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: 36D_Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the the larval decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined. However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >36 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: Correlation_of_decisions.csv
Description: Binary data for assessing any correlation between larval and pupal decisions.
Variables
- larval decision: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0) in the larval decision
- pupal decision: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0) in the pupal decision
File: 36D_MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account (the main question of the manuscript). However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >36 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: 44D_Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses from the present study to the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018. However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >44 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- Exp: the study the individual originates from, the current study (A) or the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018 (P)
- Direction: the direction is based on the father of the individual’s origin. N for north and S for south. For instance, an individual from the GS cross has a father from Stockholm. Since, Stockholm is further north in Sweden than Gotland, that individual is categorized as N.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SU X SK (mother from Sundsvall and father from Skåne) or SK X SU (mother from Skåne and father from Sundsvall)
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: 44D_Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined. However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >44 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: 44D_MF_LARVAL_DECISION_SG_GS.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account (the main question of the manuscript). However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >44 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm) or SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland)
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: 36D_Compare_to_Prui_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses from the present study to the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018. However, the larval decision to diapause is based on the larval development time being >36 days instead of >40 days since hatching.
Variables
- Exp: the study the individual originates from, the current study (A) or the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018 (P)
- Direction: the direction is based on the father of the individual’s origin. N for north and S for south. For instance, an individual from the GS cross has a father from Stockholm. Since, Stockholm is further north in Sweden than Gotland, that individual is categorized as N.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SU X SK (mother from Sundsvall and father from Skåne) or SK X SU (mother from Skåne and father from Sundsvall)
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: Compare_to_Prui_PUPAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the pupal decision of the reciprocal hybrid crosses from the present study to the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018.
Variables
- Exp: the study the individual originates from, the current study (A) or the study by Pruisscher et al. 2018 (P)
- Direction: the direction is based on the father of the individual’s origin. N for north and S for south. For instance, an individual from the GS cross has a father from Stockholm. Since, Stockholm is further north in Sweden than Gotland, that individual is categorized as N.
- Cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SU X SK (mother from Sundsvall and father from Skåne) or SK X SU (mother from Skåne and father from Sundsvall)
- Sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- Diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
File: MF_SS_GG_GS_SG_LARVAL_DECISION.csv
Description: Binary data of the larval decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses, taking sex into account.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- cross: the genotype of the individual, either GS (mother from Gotland and father from Stockholm), SG (mother from Stockholm and father from Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or GG (Gotland).
- mother: id of the individual’s mother
- sex: the sex of the individual (F: female, M: male)
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
- cross_sex: the cross and sex combined, for instance GGM for a male from Gotland.
File: Pop_GG_SS_C_LARVAL_DECISION_2.csv
Description: Binary data for comparing the larval decision of the Gotland and Stockholm populations and their reciprocal hybrid crosses combined.
Variables
- treatment: the photoperiod treatment the individual was subjected to, either 17, 17.4, 17.8, 18.2 or 18.6 hours of light.
- diapause: whether the individual decided to diapause (1) or not (0)
- cross_new: the genotype of the individual, either GG (Gotland), SS (Stockholm) or CC (the reciprocal crosses of GG and SS)
Code/software
All analyses were carried out using R version 4.1.2 for Windows.
Script: ALL chosen models, necessary packages: Matrix, carData, partR2, vcd
Script: Sensitivity_test, necessary packages: Matrix, carData
Script: Larval_decision_figures, necessary packages: ggplot2
Script: Pupal_decision_figures, necessary packages: ggplot2
Script: Comparison_across_studies, necessary packages: ggplot2
Script: CI_figures
Methods
The data is combined from the current experiment and the experiment from the article: Pruisscher, P., Nylin, S., Gotthard, K. and Wheat, C.W., 2018. Genetic variation underlying local adaptation of diapause induction along a cline in a butterfly. Molecular ecology, 27(18), pp.3613-3626.