Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] serves as one of the most economically valuable crops globally, but it is sensitive to low temperatures during the crop growing season. Currently, agriculture around the world has faced more serious abiotic stresses due to climate change, so there is an urgent need to breed cold-tolerant cultivars to resist the changing environment. The cold-tolerant trait is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, environmental factors, and their interaction. A total of 56 soybean samples were used, including 28 resistant varieties and 28 susceptible varieties, in the field experiments. We selected 55 SNPs (which were mapped to 39 CTgenes) from the CTgenes for distinguishing cold-tolerant lines from cold-susceptible lines. The SNP data can be applied for soybean's cold-tolerant experiment, such as soybean marker-assisted selection, soybean varieties clustering, the systems biology analysis, and further validation. 

The 56 soybean samples were grown during the spring crop season in 2020 and 2022, and a completely randomized design with ten replicates was performed in field experiments. All samples were genotyped using the SoyaSNP180K chip array. We investigated the soybeans’ response to cold stress at the condition where the temperature was below 10°C at the V3 growing stage by recording brown spots, curl, wrinkled leaves, and plant development after the low-temperature occurrence.