Data from: How can China curb biological invasions to meet Kunming-Montreal Target 6?
Data files
Feb 05, 2025 version files 97.78 KB
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Invasive_alien_species_in_China.xlsx
92.48 KB
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README.md
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Abstract
To meet Kunming-Montreal Target 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), we need more comprehensive measures to manage invasive alien species (IAS), which is especially true for China, as it is undergoing an unprecedented invasion wave due to its rapid development. This article considers the status of IAS in China, evaluates China’s ongoing actions against IAS, and provides recommendations for improving management. 802 IAS have been identified in China. Facing the growing threats of IAS, China has made progress in IAS management, but stricter and thorough measures are still needed. In addition to improving legislation and governance, China needs to strengthen transdisciplinary and proactive research, implement more comprehensive prevention and control actions against IAS, and enhance international cooperation and translational education. By creating a model for IAS management that other countries can follow, China’s efforts can contribute substantially to the Kunming-Montreal 2030 Global Targets of the CBD.
README: Data from: How can China curb biological invasions to meet Kunming-Montreal Target 6?
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhnh
This novel and comprehensive dataset covers information on taxon (i.e. phylum, class, order, and family), scientific name, category, origins, introduction time, introduction pathway, distribution provinces, major impacts, CN-Key, and major reference of 802 invasive alien species (IAS) that have been identified in China.
Description of the data and file structure
We have compiled this IAS dataset by integrating scattered publications and databases. The first column of the data (No.) is a simple numerical identifier. Columns 2-7 (i.e. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Scientific name, and Category) describe the taxonomic unit information, scientific name, and category of IAS. The 8th column (Origin) provides information on the origin of the 802 IAS. Columns 9-12 (i.e. Introduction time, Introduction pathway, Distribution provinces, and Major impacts) describe information related to species’ introduction, as well as the major impacts of IAS. The 13th column (CN-Key) indicates whether the IAS are included in the Chinese list of key invasive alien species under state supervision. The last column (Major reference) contains references related to IAS.
The taxon columns (i.e. Phylum, Class, Order, Family) are mainly based on the APG IV system. We obtained the phylum, class, order, and family information of IAS from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org/), which is based on APG IV system.
The scientific name column is based on the databases such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org/), Plants of the World Online (POWO, https://powo.science.kew.org/), Flora of China (FOC, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2), List of Biological Species in China(http://www.sp2000.org.cn) to unify the scientific names of IAS and merge their synonyms.
The category column meant that we divided all 802 IAS into 9 classes: algae, amphibian or reptile, aquatic invertebrate, aquatic plant, bird, fish, mammal, microbe, terrestrial invertebrate, and terrestrial plant. Microbe included vira, procaryotae, and protista.
The origins column includes the continent from which the IAS originated. We categorized these IAS into six continents based on their origins: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America, including those of unknown origin. Some IAS have multiple sources and the origins of some species are unknown.
Columns 9-11 (i.e. Introduction time, Introduction pathway, Distribution provinces) contain introduction information of IAS. The introduction time refered to the time when IAS were first recorded or introduced to China, with unknown rows indicating unknown introduction times. The introduction pathway described how IAS were brought into China, including intentionally introduced through release in nature or escape from confinement (i.e., used for landscape/horticulture, agriculture, medicines, erosion control, pet/aquarium/terrarium culture, and aquaculture/mariculture), unintentionally introduced through transport contaminants or stowaways (i.e., through various vectors including plants, animals, timbers, packing materials, conveyances, and other means), natural spread (i.e., through interconnected corridors or other unaided ways), and unknown pathways, which meant that the introduction pathways for a few species were not well documented.
The distribution province refers to the current geographical distribution by province of the IAS in China. The code for each province, autonomous region or municipality is provided as follows:
AH=Anhui
BJ=Beijing
CQ=Chongqing
FJ=Fujian
GD=Guangdong
GS=Gansu
GX=Guangxi
GZ=Guizhou
HB=Hubei
HJ=Hebei
HK=Hong Kong
HL=Heilongjiang
HN=Hainan
HX=Hunan
HY=Henan
JL=Jilin
JS=Jiangsu
JX=Jiangxi
LN=Liaoning
MC=Macao
NM=Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol)
NX=Ningxia
QH=Qinghai
SA=Shaanxi
SC=Sichuan
SD=Shandong
SH=Shanghai
SX=Shanxi
TJ=Tianjin
TW=Taiwan
XJ=Xinjiang
XZ=Xizang (Tibet)
YN=Yunnan
ZJ=Zhejiang
Major impacts refer to the impacts of IAS in the invaded areas. They can be classified into three types of impacts, including biodiversity, agriculture/forestry/aquaculture, and public health.
The CN-Key column indicates whether the IAS are included on the Chinese list of key invasive alien species under state supervision (http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2013/dsanq/201712/t20171219_6119282.htm). This list is specially formulated by the country to strengthen the management of IAS, prevent their spread, and safeguard China's ecological security, agricultural production, and human health. China will prioritize strengthening monitoring and prevention of IAS on that are on the list.
The last column (Major reference) lists the databases, published books, journal articles, and other website used for collecting related infomation of 802 IAS. The sheet named "References" provides more details of major reference column.
Methods
By integrating scattered publications and databases, we compiled a novel and comprehensive IAS dataset for China, covering taxon, origin, introduction time and pathway, distribution, and major impacts (Ju et al. 2024). Then, following the framework of categorization for invasion-management topics in the National Biosafety Science (Wu 2023), we identified five key issues: legislation and governance, transdisciplinary and proactive research, prevention and control actions, international cooperation, and translational education. These issues, albeit crosscutting, are viewed as five pillars for IAS management in China (Wu 2023), and they were ranked according to a classic approach discussing invasion issues (Pyšek et al. 2020), i.e., top-down (legislation and governance, international cooperation) and bottom-up (translational education) coupled with evidence-based research (transdisciplinary and proactive research) and effective activities (prevention and control actions). For each issue, we succinctly synthesized existing progress, diagnosed deficiencies, and proposed a set of priorities for management improvement; the deficiencies and priorities were based on collective review and debate among the authors, as well as consultation with experts in our professional network. The approach is similar to a Delphi-method procedure employed in recent horizon scans of invasion issues (Ricciardi et al. 2017). Priorities were assigned primarily considering their universality, urgency, and/or novelty; they are not presented in rank order mostly because of a need to act in synergy and also because our goal is to encourage further scrutiny, debate and supplementation that can spur the development of new policies to better serve IAS management for China.