Skip to main content
Dryad

Early prenatal but not postnatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with enhanced HPA axis activity into adulthood in a wild primate

Data files

Dec 02, 2024 version files 29.09 KB

Abstract

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a dual role in the biology of developmental plasticity in mammals including humans — HPA axis activity not only provides the input for, but is also a target of, offspring developmental plasticity. To investigate the understudied effects of exposure timing, this study quantified maternal HPA axis activity during each half of gestation as well as during early lactation and assessed its effect on offspring HPA axis activity in a cross-sectional sample of infant, juvenile, and adult Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis). To add ecological validity to experimental studies under lab conditions, macaques were studied in the wild. Increased maternal fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels experienced early in gestation, but not postnatal exposure during lactation were associated with increased offspring HPA axis activity from infancy into adulthood. Building on prior findings, this study indicates that significant timing effects not only influence the presence, magnitude, and direction, but also the consistency of maternal glucocorticoid effects on offspring HPA axis function.