Cyrtandromoea is a genus consisting of about 12 species of perennial caulescent herbs with a distribution in China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, and western Malesia. The genus has previously been associated with either Gesneriaceae or the tribe Mimuleae in Phrymaceae (in former Scrophulariaceae) with morphology in favor of the latter and molecular plastid ndhF data the former. We addressed the placement of this genus by assembling a four gene dataset (matK, ndhF, rps16 and trnL-F) comprising 270 ingroup samples representing 270 species and 51 families of the core asterids, including all families of Lamiales currently recognized. These included 111 species representing 66 genera of Gesneriaceae. We used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses to reconstruct phylogenies that showed Cyrtandromoea to be placed in Phrymaceae. A fine-scale analysis focusing on Phrymaceae using ITS and trnL-F and 79 samples revealed that Cyrtandromoea is most
closely related to a clade of genera in Phrymaceae that included Mimulus s. s. A combination of morphological synapomorphies such as cymose inflorescences, 5-angled toothed calyx, flowers with bilocular ovary with axile placentation with numerous small seeds with endosperm, and loculicidal dehiscing capsule support this placement. Our results strongly support the placement of Cyrtandromoea in Phrymaceae.
Figure S1, S2, and S3
FIG S1: Holotype from L. of the generic type of Cyrtandromoea decurrens (Bl.) Zoll. (Blume 229) (Modified, from the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Naturalis Biodiversity Center).
FIG S2: Illustration of generic type of Cyrtandromoea decurrens (Bl.) Zoll. (Modified, from the Peter H. Raven Library/Missouri Botanical Garden).
FIG S3: Field images of Cyrtandromoea grandiflora C.B.Clarke (M. Möller et al. 06-966). A: Suffrutescent habit; B: Tubular toothed calyx and bilamellate stigma; C: Front view of mature flower: D: Lateral view of mature flower; E: Flower opened longitudinally showing four stamens and presence of two prominent yellow ridges on ventral surface of corolla tube. Scale bars: A: 10 cm, B-E: 1 cm. (Photographs by M.Möller).
Dryad_Fig_S1-S3_13Mrch2019.pdf
Dryad_Fig_S4_MP_12Oct2018
Fig. S4: Maximum Parsimony majority rule consensus tree of 11136 trees (37259 steps; CI=0.2942; RI=0.6383) based on a concatenated matrix of four chloroplast sequences on 281 samples across Lamiids. Numbers along the branches are majority rule frequencies.
Dryad_Fig_S5_ML_16Feb2019
Fig. S5: Best Maximum Likelihood tree on concatenated matrices of four chloroplast sequences on 281 samples across Lamiids. Numbers along the branches are ML bootstrap values. Hyphens (-) indicate branches with <50% support.
Dryad_Fig_S6_BI_16Feb2019
Fig. S6: Bayesian Inference majority rule consensus tree based on concatenated matrices of four chloroplast sequences on 281 samples across Lamiids. Numbers along branches are posterior probabilities. Hyphens (-) indicate branches with <0.5 support.
Dryad_Fig_S7-small_MP_16Feb2019
FIG. S7: Maximum parsimony strict consensus tree of 8 trees (3372 steps; CI=0.4389; RI=0.7558) on combined ITS and trnL-F data for 79 samples, with bootstrap values above the branches. Hyphen (-) indicates values <50%.
Dryad_Fig_S8-small_ML_16Feb2019
FIG. S8: Maximum likelihood tree on combined ITS and trnL-F data for 79 samples with bootstrap values along the branches.
Dryad_Appendix S1 BI_characteristics_large-scale
APPENDIX S1: Characteristics of the Bayesian Inference run on a concatenated matrix of four chloroplast sequences on 281 samples across Lamiids.
Dryad_Appendix S2 BI_characteristics_fine-scale
APPENDIX S2: Characteristics of the Bayesian Inference run on a concatenated matrix of ITS and trnL-F on 79 samples in the fine-scale analysis.
