Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

Aykanat, Tutku, University of Helsinki, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-0231

Rasmussen, Martin, The Arctic University of Norway

Ozerov, Mikhail, University of Turku

Niemelä, Eero, Natural Resources Institute Finland

Paulin, Lars, University of Helsinki

Vaha, Juha-Pekka, Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland.*

Hindar, Kjetil, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

Wennevik, Vidar, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research

Pedersen, Torstein, Arctic Pharma (Norway)

Svenning, Martin, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

Primmer, Craig, University of Helsinki

tutku.aykanat@helsinki.fi

Published Sep 09, 2020 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj1m

Cite this dataset

Aykanat, Tutku et al. (2020). Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gj1m

Abstract

1. Animals employ various foraging strategies along their ontogeny to acquire energy, and with varying degree of efficiencies, to support growth, maturation and subsequent reproduction events. Individuals that can efficiently acquire energy early are more likely to mature at an earlier age, as a result of faster energy gain which can fuel maturation and reproduction.

2. We aimed to test the hypothesis that heritable resource acquisition variation that co-varies with efficiency along the ontogeny would influence maturation timing of individuals.

3. To test this hypothesis, we utilized Atlantic salmon as a model which exhibit a simple, hence trackable, genetic control of maturation age. We then monitored the variation in diet acquisition (quantified as stomach fullness and composition) of individuals with different ages, and linked it with genomic regions (haploblocks) that were previously identified to be associated with age-at-maturity.

4. Consistent with the hypothesis, we demonstrated that one of the life history genomic regions tested six(6) was indeed associated with age-dependent differences in stomach fullness. Prey composition was marginally linked to six(6), and suggestively (but non-significantly) to vgll3 genomic regions. We further showed Atlantic salmon switched to the so-called “feast and famine” strategy along the ontogeny, where older age groups exhibited heavier stomach content, but that came at the expense of running on empty more often.

5. These results suggest genetic variation underlying resource utilization may explain the genetic basis of age structure in Atlantic salmon. Given that ontogenetic diet has a genetic component and the strong spatial diversity associated with these genomic regions, we predict populations with diverse maturation age will have diverse evolutionary responses to future changes in marine food-web structures. 28-Jul-2020

Usage notes

## code and files to replicate main results presented in Aykanat et al (2020) Life history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization, Journal fo Animal Ecology.
## "code_Aykanat_etal_JAE_2020": code to replicate main results
## phenotype_Aykanat_etal_JAE_2020.xlsx": Input phenotype file. The worksheet "SC.PHEN3" refer to "SC.PHEN3.txt" in the R code.
## "genotype_Aykanat_etal_JAE_2020": Input genotype file as an R object. The object name is "SC.genoNUM2", same as in the R code.