The Neotropics are home to incomparable plant diversity. To evaluate the potential roles of geography and ecology on speciation in Neotropical plants we selected a small, tractable lineage of shrubby angiosperms, Piper subgenus Ottonia. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny and provided insights into the species divergence times based on fossil calibration of the molecular clock. We support the monophyly of Piper subg. Ottonia and the two main lineages: Amazonian and Atlantic Forest, the latter containing the non-Atlantic species pair P. darienense‐P. piscatorum. We also propose the origin of Piper subg. Ottonia in the early Eocene and suggest that the diversification of Piper subg. Ottonia was influenced by geo-historical events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the uplift of the Andes in the Miocene, as is the case for other angiosperms. Furthermore, we combined our phylogeny with geographic and environmental data in order to evaluate geographical and ecological contexts for speciation. We indicate that neither climatic/edaphic divergence nor geographic isolation appears to be needed to explain speciation in this lineage.
EU581098.1
Piper anisum voucher MCS 269 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930392.1
Piper anisum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581099.1
Piper anisum voucher RC 1637 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930393.1
Piper anisum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581146.1
Piper carautensei MAJ 933 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930385.1
Piper carautensei trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581165.1
Piper corcovadense voucher MAJ 838 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930391.1
Piper corcovadense trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581187.1
Piper duartei MAJ 928 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930382.1
Piper duartei trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581193.1
Piper eucalyptophyllum voucher MAJ 972 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930389.1
Piper eucalyptophyllum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581246.1
Piper hoffmannseggianum voucher MAJ 891 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930388.1
Piper hoffmannseggianum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581266.1
Piper klotzschianum voucher MAJ 976 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930386.1
Piper klotzschianum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581330.1
Piper ovatum voucher NJ s/n internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930387.1
Piper ovatum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
KJ930373.1
Piper strictifolium internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930390.1
Piper strictifolium trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581389.1
Piper scutifolium voucher MJK 281 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930384.1
Piper scutifolium trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
AF275182.1
Piper ubatubense internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930383.1
Piper ubatubense trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
KJ930372.1
Piper alatabaccum internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930376.1
Piper alatabaccum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581125.1
Piper bartlingianum voucher AL 1157 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930375.1
Piper bartlingianum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
AF275183.1
Piper bartlingianum internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930374.1
Piper bartlingianum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581253.1
Piper humistratum voucher SM 25227 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930377.1
Piper humistratum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581343.1
Piper piscatorum voucher MJK 730 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930380.1
Piper piscatorum clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581342.1
Piper piscatorum voucher MJK 758 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930381.1
Piper piscatorum clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581177.1
Piper darienense voucher EL s/n internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930378.1
Piper darienense clone 1 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
AF275181.1
Piper darienense internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930379.1
Piper darienense clone 2 trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581355.1
Piper pseudonobile voucher EJT 1417 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930395.1
Piper cinereum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
EU581366.1
Piper reticulatum voucher EJT 979 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence
KJ930394.1
Piper reticulatum trnK gene, partial sequence; and maturase K (matK) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
Georeferenced locations and environmental variables
Georeferenced locations for Ottonia species and extracted environmental variables from WorldClim and FAO datasets
matK
matK sequences alignment
ITS
ITS sequences alignment
