Glutathione and neodiosmin feedback sustain plant immunity
Citation
Ding, Xinhua et al. (2023), Glutathione and neodiosmin feedback sustain plant immunity, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dr7sqvb1w
Abstract
Plants have evolved a two-layer immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that is activated in response to pathogen invasion. Microbial patterns and pathogen effectors can be recognized by surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellularly localized nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to trigger PTI and ETI responses, respectively. At present, the metabolites activated by PTI and ETI and their roles and signalling pathways in plant immunity are not well understood. In this study, metabolomic analysis showed that ETI and PTI induced various flavonoids and amino acids and their derivatives in plants. Interestingly, both glutathione and neodiosmin content were specifically up-regulated by ETI and PTI, respectively, which significantly enhanced plant immunity. Further studies showed that glutathione and neodiosmin failed to induce a plant immune response in which PRRs/co-receptors were mutated. In addition, glutathione-reduced mutant gsh1 analysis showed that GSH1 is also required for PTI and ETI. Finally, we propose a model in which glutathione and neodiosmin are considered signature metabolites induced in the process of ETI and PTI activation in plants and further continuous enhancement of plant immunity in which PRRs/co-receptors are needed. This model is beneficial for an in-depth understanding of the closed-loop mode of the positive feedback regulation of PTI and ETI signals at the metabolic level.
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Award: 32072500
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan, Award: 2020CXGC010803
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Award: 31872925
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan, Award: 2021TZXD007-04-4
Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund of Shandong Province, Award: JQ201807
Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Award: 2019KJF023
National Natural Science Foundation, Award: 32072500
National Natural Science Foundation, Award: 31872925
National Natural Science Foundation, Award: 32272557
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan, Award: 2020CXGC010803
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan, Award: 2021TZXD007-04-4
Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Award: 2019KJF023
Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province, Shandong Province Postdoctoral Innovation Project, Award: 202103027
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, Award: ZR2022QC114, ZR2022ZD23