Meta-analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIA reveals polymorphism and positive selection in many vertebrate species
Data files
Nov 07, 2022 version files 290.29 KB
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AfricanWildDog_IIA.fasta
525 B
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AtlanticSalmon_IIA.fasta
2.30 KB
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AtlanticSalmon_IIB.fasta
2.41 KB
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AustralianBushRat_IIA.fasta
9.61 KB
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AustralianCaneToad_IIA.fasta
1.88 KB
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AustralianCaneToad_IIB.fasta
2.71 KB
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BactrianCamel_IIA.fasta
2.18 KB
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BactrianCamel_IIB.fasta
1.54 KB
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BalkanDonkey_IIA.fasta
1.83 KB
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BankVole_IIA.fasta
1.87 KB
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BighornSheep_IIA.fasta
783 B
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BighornSheep_IIB.fasta
2.32 KB
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CaliforniaSeaLion_IIA.fasta
522 B
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CaliforniaSeaLion_IIB.fasta
858 B
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ChannelCatfish_IIA.fasta
1.36 KB
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ChannelCatfish_IIB.fasta
584 B
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Chicken_IIA.fasta
283 B
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Chimpanzee_IIA.fasta
3.60 KB
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ChineseGiantSalamander_IIA.fasta
4.02 KB
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ChineseGiantSalamander_IIB.fasta
3.64 KB
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ChineseLongsnoutCatfish_IIA.fasta
792 B
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ChineseLongsnoutCatfish_IIB.fasta
1.72 KB
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CommonVole_IIA.fasta
2.14 KB
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CynomolgusMacaque_IIA.fasta
7.60 KB
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CynomolgusMacaque_IIB.fasta
16.63 KB
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DabrysSturgeon_IIA.fasta
4.56 KB
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DabrysSturgeon_IIB.fasta
4.62 KB
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DomesticHorse_IIA.fasta
1.06 KB
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DomesticPig_IIA.fasta
2.09 KB
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DomesticSheep_IIA.fasta
3.96 KB
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Dromedary_IIA.fasta
1.47 KB
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Dromedary_IIB.fasta
1.42 KB
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Duck_IIA.fasta
1.12 KB
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EuropeanBadger_IIA.fasta
1.09 KB
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EuropeanBadger_IIB.fasta
1.54 KB
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EuropeanBrownHare_IIA.fasta
9.40 KB
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EuropeanEel_IIA.fasta
3.88 KB
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EuropeanEel_IIB.fasta
4.63 KB
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EuropeanRabbit_IIA.fasta
7.92 KB
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ForestMuskDeer_IIA.fasta
3.19 KB
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ForestMuskDeer_IIB.fasta
2.83 KB
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Gayal_IIA.fasta
554 B
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GiantPanda_IIA.fasta
3.19 KB
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GiantPanda_IIB.fasta
3.74 KB
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GiltheadSeabream_IIA.fasta
2.38 KB
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GoldenJackal_IIA.fasta
789 B
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GoldenPompano_IIA.fasta
7.65 KB
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GrayWolf_IIA.fasta
2.98 KB
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GrayWolf_IIB.fasta
9.28 KB
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GreyMouseLemur_IIA.fasta
4.26 KB
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HalfsmoothTongueSole_IIA.fasta
2.22 KB
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HalfsmoothTongueSole_IIB.fasta
3.67 KB
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IIA-IIB_datasets.csv
5.34 KB
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JapaneseCrestedIbis_IIA.fasta
536 B
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JapaneseCrestedIbis_IIB.fasta
1.19 KB
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JapaneseFlounder_IIA.fasta
14.52 KB
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LargeYellowCroaker_IIA.fasta
804 B
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LargeYellowCroaker_IIB.fasta
578 B
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LeachsStormPetrel_IIA.fasta
1.09 KB
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LeachsStormPetrel_IIB.fasta
5.19 KB
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MiiuyCroaker_IIA.fasta
7.13 KB
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MiiuyCroaker_IIB.fasta
8.87 KB
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NileTilapia_IIA.fasta
2.87 KB
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NileTilapia_IIB.fasta
2.86 KB
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PigtailedMacaque_IIA.fasta
8.49 KB
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PigtailedMacaque_IIB.fasta
20.77 KB
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PlainsZebra_IIA.fasta
2.32 KB
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README.txt
10.14 KB
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RhesusMacaque_IIA.fasta
8.39 KB
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SeaOtter_IIA.fasta
276 B
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SeaOtter_IIB.fasta
876 B
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SwampEel_IIA.fasta
1.31 KB
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SwampEel_IIB.fasta
9.97 KB
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WaterBuffalo_IIA.fasta
536 B
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WaterBuffalo_IIB.fasta
2.08 KB
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WaterVole_IIA.fasta
1.87 KB
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WildCamel_IIA.fasta
1.79 KB
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WildCamel_IIB.fasta
760 B
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Yak_IIA.fasta
554 B
Abstract
Pathogen-mediated selection and sexual selection are important drivers of evolution. Both processes are known to target genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family encoding cell-surface proteins that display pathogen peptides to the immune system. The MHC is also a model for understanding processes such as gene duplication and trans-species allele sharing. The class II MHC protein is a heterodimer whose peptide-binding groove is encoded by an MHC-IIA gene and an MHC-IIB gene. However, our literature review found that class II MHC papers on infectious disease or sexual selection included IIA data only 18% and 9% of the time, respectively. To assess whether greater emphasis on MHC-IIA is warranted, we analyzed MHC-IIA sequence data from 50 species of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, birds, mammals) to test for polymorphism and positive selection. We found that the number of MHC-IIA alleles within a species was often high, and covaried with sample size and number of MHC-IIA genes assayed. While MHC-IIA variability tended to be lower than that of MHC-IIB, the difference was only ~25%, with ~3 fewer IIA alleles than IIB. Furthermore, the unexpectedly high MHC-IIA variability showed clear signatures of positive selection in most species, and positive selection on MHC-IIA was stronger in fish than in other surveyed vertebrate groups. Our findings underscore that MHC-IIA can be an important target of selection. Future work should therefore expand the characterization of MHC-IIA at both allelic and genomic scales, and incorporate MHC-IIA into models of fitness consequences of MHC variation.