Data coverage, biases, and trends in a global citizen-science resource for monitoring avian diversity
Data files
May 15, 2024 version files 48.97 MB
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eBird-hotspot-table.csv
48.97 MB
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README.md
839 B
Abstract
Aim: Understanding and addressing the global biodiversity crisis requires ecological information compiled continuously from across the globe. Data from citizen science initiatives are useful for quantifying species’ ecological niches and geographical distributions but can be difficult to apply towards biodiversity monitoring. The presence of fixed geographical locations reduces the opportunistic nature of citizen science data, allowing for more reliable and nuanced trend estimation. The eBird citizen-science programs contains predefined locations whose bird assemblages are sampled across years (‘hotspots’). For hotspots to function as a biodiversity monitoring resource, issues related to data coverage, biases, and trends need to be addressed.
Location: Global.
Methods: We estimated the survey completeness of species richness at 300,500 eBird hotspots during the years 2002 to 2022. We documented sampling biases at eBird hotspot and non-hotspot locations during 2022 based on protection status, temperature, precipitation, and landcover.
Results: A total of 10,410 bird species (ca. 96.9% of total) were recorded at hotspots. The number hotspots and the quantity of data and unique participants and quality of species richness estimates has increased worldwide with the Nearctic containing the strongest and most consistent trends. Compared to non-hotspots, hotspots over sampled areas with higher protection status. Hotspots and non-hotspots over sampled warmer and wetter locations in the Antarctic, Nearctic, and Palearctic, and cooler locations in the Afrotropics, Australasia, and the Neotropics. Hotspots and especially non-hotspots over sampled urban areas. Hotspots and non-hotspots under sampled shrublands in Australasia. Hotspots and especially non-hotspots under sampled forests in the Afrotropics, Indomalaya, Neotropics, and Oceania.
Main conclusions: Hotspots have captured a large component of the world’s avian diversity but have done so inconsistently across space and time. Data quantity and quality are increasing in many regions, but the presence of sampling biases and spatial uncertainty needs to be addressed when applying the data.
One CSV file containing the results from the survey completeness analysis of 300,500 eBird hotspots conducted during four seasons from 2002 to 2022.
Description of the data and file structure
eBird-hotspot-table.csv
The 300,500 eBird hotspots are considered in the analysis with their unique ID (loc_id) and their longitude and latitude. From these, the 76,200 eBird hotspots with sufficient data to estimate survey completeness for at least one season and year with observed species richness, estimated species richness, and estimated survey completeness (SC).
Sharing/Access information
The bird occurrence data are available from https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data