Supporting trees and alignments for the publication: Cryptic and abundant marine viruses at the evolutionary origins of Earth’s RNA virome
Data files
Mar 03, 2022 version files 9.37 MB
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2022_README_Cryptic_and_abundant_marine_viruses_at_the_evolutionary_origins_of_Earth’s_RNA_virome_.docx
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Class_level_phylogenetic_trees.zip
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Class_level_sequences_and_alignments.zip
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Global_RdRp_Phylogenetic_Tree.zip
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Phylum_level_phylogenetic_trees.zip
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Phylum_level_sequence_alignments.zip
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Wainaina_et_al_2021_Phyla_and_classes_list.xlsx
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Wainaina_et_al._2021_Mapping_file_for_sequences_used_in_the_global_RdRp_phylogenetic_tree.xlsx
Mar 22, 2022 version files 9.37 MB
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2022_README_Cryptic_and_abundant_marine_viruses_at_the_evolutionary_origins_of_Earth’s_RNA_virome_.docx
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Class_level_phylogenetic_trees.zip
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Class_level_sequences_and_alignments.zip
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Global_RdRp_Phylogenetic_Tree.zip
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Phylum_level_phylogenetic_trees.zip
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Phylum_level_sequence_alignments.zip
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Wainaina_et_al_2021_Phyla_and_classes_list.xlsx
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Wainaina_et_al._2021_Mapping_file_for_sequences_used_in_the_global_RdRp_phylogenetic_tree.xlsx
Abstract
Whereas DNA viruses are known to be abundant, diverse, and commonly key ecosystem players, RNA viruses are relatively understudied outside disease settings. Here, we analyzed ≈28 terabases of Global Ocean RNA sequences to expand Earth’s RNA virus catalogues and their taxonomy, investigate their evolutionary origins, and assess their marine biogeography from pole to pole. Using new approaches to optimize discovery and classification, we identified RNA viruses that necessitate substantive revisions of taxonomy (doubling phyla and adding >50% new classes) and evolutionary understanding. “Species”-rank abundance determination revealed that viruses of new phyla “Taraviricota”, a missing link in early RNA virus evolution, and “Arctiviricota” are widespread and dominant in the oceans. These efforts provide foundational knowledge critical to integrating RNA viruses into ecological and epidemiological models.
Methods
To generate the global phylum-level phylogenetic tree, we used an approach that combined consensus [used for highly divergent sequences (Grandi et al., 2020; Grandi et al., 2018; Vargiu et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2015; Fernandez-Caso et al., 2019; Alipour et al., 2013; Zhang and Firestein, 2002)] and individual sequences in the alignment. Each consensus sequence was generated by first aligning individual sequences per megataxon, then obtaining the consensus sequence of the alignment using Geneious v8.1.9 (https://www.geneious.com). The number of ambiguous residues (i.e., ‘X’s) within each consensus sequence was then determined and each consensus sequence composed of >20% ambiguous sites was replaced by the individual sequences within the megataxon to preserve the quality of the alignment (Wiens, 2006). Almost all of the new megataxa had >20% ambiguous sites and hence, for consistency, they were all represented by their individual sequences. Subsequent alignment, trimming and phylogenetic inferences were as described above, with the only modification being using the -gappyout option during trimming.
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