Fish are critical ecologically and socioeconomically for subsistence economies in the Arctic, an ecosystem undergoing unprecedented environmental change. Our understanding of the responses of nearshore Arctic fishes to environmental change is inadequate because of limited research on the physicochemical drivers of abundance occurring at a fine scale. Here, high-frequency in-situ measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were paired with daily fish catches in nearshore Alaskan waters of the Beaufort Sea. This dataset includes hourly measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, which were collected and calibrated according to best practices in chemical oceanography, and daily catch-per-unit-effort data for 18 nearshore Arctic fish species paired with daily averaged oceanographic data.