On-demand entanglement of molecules in a reconfigurable optical tweezer array
Data files
Abstract
Entanglement is crucial to many quantum applications including quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and quantum-enhanced sens- ing. Because of their rich internal structure and interactions, molecules have been proposed as a promising platform for quantum science. Determinis- tic entanglement of individually controlled molecules has nevertheless been a long-standing experimental challenge. Here we demonstrate on-demand en- tanglement of individually prepared molecules. We deterministically create Bell pairs of molecules by using the electric dipolar interaction between polar molecules prepared using a reconfigurable array of optical tweezer traps. Our results demonstrate the key building blocks needed for quantum applications and may advance quantum-enhanced fundamental physics tests using trapped molecules.
README: Title of Dataset: Data for On-Demand Entanglement of Molecules in a Reconfigurable Optical Tweezer Array
Included are data shown in Figures 1-4 of the main text and Figures S1-S4 of the Supplementary Materials.
The experimental data are obtained from binarized molecular fluorescence images. In short, each tweezer in an image is binarized into occupied or empty according to whether the camera counts exceed a predetermined threshold. Various quantities are obtained from averaging the resulting binarized data. Detailed descriptions for these quantities are provided in the main text and the supplementary material.
Description of the data and file structure
The data is organized as follows.
Fig 1C:
The following files provide digitized camera counts in csv format for the experimental images provided in Fig. 1C, from top to bottom:
Fig1C_img1.csv
Fig1C_img2.csv
Fig1C_img5.csv
Fig 2A:
Fig2A_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 2A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 2B:
The following files provide digitized camera counts in csv format for the experimental images provided in Fig. 2B, from top to bottom:
Fig2A_array8.csv
Fig2A_array10.csv
Fig2A_array12.csv
Fig2A_array14.csv
Fig2A_array16.csv
Fig2A_array18.csv
Fig2A_array20.csv
Fig2A_array23.csv
Fig 3C:
Fig3C_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3C_GreenTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Green Triangles in Fig 3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3C_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig 3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 3D:
Fig3D_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 3D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 3E:
Fig3E_BlueCirlces.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3E_GreenSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Green Squares in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3E_OrangeHexagons.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Orange Hezagons in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3E_PurpleTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Purple Triangles in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3E_RedPentagons.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Pentagons in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3E_YellowDiamonds.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Yellow Diamonds in Fig 3E, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 3F Inset:
Fig3F_Inset_Circles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Circles in Fig 3F inset, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 3F Main:
Fig3F_Main_BlueDashed.csv provide the x and y coordinates for the calculation result shown by the Blue Dashed Line in Fig 3F, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3F_Main_Circles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Circles in Fig 3F, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig3F_Main_RedShade.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for theoretical prediction band boundaries shown by the red shaded region in Fig 3F, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 4A:
Fig4A_Lower_Blue.csv provide the heights of the Blue histogram bars, along with error bars, in the lower panel of Fig 4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig4A_Lower_Blue.csv provide the heights of the Green histogram bars, along with error bars, in the lower panel of Fig 4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig4A_UpperLeft.csv provide the heights of the histogram bars, along with error bars, in the Upper Left panel of Fig 4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig4A_UpperRight.csv provide the heights of the histogram bars, along with error bars, in the Upper Right panel of Fig 4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 4B:
Fig4B_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 4B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 4C Inset:
Fig4C_Inset_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in the inset of Fig 4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig4C_Inset_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in the inset of Fig 4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig 4C Main:
Fig4C_Main_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig 4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig4C_Main_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig 4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S1A:
FigS1A_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S1A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS1A_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig S1A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S1B:
FigS1B_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S1B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS1B_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig S1B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS1B_GreenTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Green Triangles in Fig S1B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S2A:
FigS2A_Circles.csv provide the histogram heights, along with error bars, for data shown in Fig S2A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S2B:
FigS2B_Circles.csv provide the histogram heights, along with error bars, for data shown in Fig S2B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S2C:
FigS2C_Circles.csv provide the histogram heights, along with error bars, for data shown by Circles in Fig S2C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S3A:
FigS3A_BlueCircles.csv provide the heights of the Blue histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS3A_RedSquares.csv provide the heights of the Red histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S3B:
FigS3B_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S3B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS3B_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig S3B,. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S4A:
FigS4A_Left_BlueCircles.csv provide the heights of the Blue histogram bars, along with error bars, in the left panel Fig S4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4A_Left_RedSquares.csv provide the heights of the Red histogram bars, along with error bars, in the left panel Fig S4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4A_Right_BlueCircles.csv provide the heights of the Blue histogram bars, along with error bars, in the right panel Fig S4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4A_Right_RedSquares.csv provide the heights of the Red histogram bars, along with error bars, in the right panel Fig S4A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S4B:
FigS4B_BlueCirlces.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S4B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4B_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Red Squares in Fig S4B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S4C:
FigS4C_PurpleDiamonds.csv provide the heights of the Purple histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4C_RedSquares.csv provide the heights of the Red histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S4C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S4D:
FigS4D_BlueCircles.csv provide the heights of the Blue histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S4D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS4D_GreenTriangles.csv provide the heights of the Green histogram bars, along with error bars, in Fig S4D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S5A:
FigS5A_GreenSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for data shown by Green Squares in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5A_BlueDiamonds.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Blue Diamonds in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5A_RedCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulationdata shown by Red Circles in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5A_LighBluePentagons.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Light Blue Pentagons in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5A_LightRedTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Light Red Triangles in Fig S3A, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S5B:
FigS5B_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S3B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5B_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Red Squares in Fig S3B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5B_Green Diamonds.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Green Diamonds in Fig S3B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5B_BlackTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Black Triangles in Fig S3B, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S5C:
FigS5C_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5C_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Red Squares in Fig S3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5C_Green Diamonds.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Green Diamonds in Fig S3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5C_BlackTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Black Triangles in Fig S3C, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Fig S5D:
FigS5D_BlueCircles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Blue Circles in Fig S3D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5D_RedSquares.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Red Squares in Fig S3D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5D_Green Diamonds.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Green Diamonds in Fig S3D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
FigS5D_BlackTriangles.csv provide the x and y coordinates, along with error bars, for numerical simulation data shown by Black Triangles in Fig S3D, in csv format. A 1-line header is included.
Code/Software
Code for simulating finite temperature effect on interaction strength, damping of oscillations, and fidelity is included in the Mathematica notebook InteractionSimulation.nb. The Mathematica notebook was generated using Mathematica 12.3.1.0. No other files or packages are required to run the code.
Methods
The dataset comprises 1) quantities extracted experimentally from binarized molecular fluorescence images 2) numerical simulation results. The binarization procedure and the relevant numerical simulation procedures are described in the methods and supplementary material. Full binarized datasets are available upon request. These binarized datasets do not contain additional information than the provided data files.
Usage notes
All data is provided as csv files. No proprietary software is required.