Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soils
Data files
Feb 19, 2024 version files 96.55 KB
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README.md
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Table_DOC.xlsx
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution plays roles in soil C storage and biogeochemical cycles. Factors regulating fluxes and concentrations of DOC still remain unclear. To identify the factors regulating fluxes and concentrations of DOC in the soil profiles, we compiled the data of site information [Country, Region or state, Coordinates, Vegetation, Mean annual air temperature (ºC), Climate type, Vegetation type, Mycorrhiza type, Soil (USDA, Soil Taxonomy)], soil properties [Litter pH (H2O), Soil pH (H2O), Soil C/N ratio, Clay (%), Alo+1/2Feo (g kg-1), O horizon C stock (Mg C ha-1), Mineral soil C stock (Mg C ha-1)], fluxes and concentrations of DOC [Throughfall DOC flux (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC flux at the bottom of the O horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC flux at the bottom of the B horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC concentration at the bottom of the O horizon (mg C L-1), DOC concentration at the bottom of the B horizon (mg C L-1), DOC/Dissolved organic N (DON) (O horizon), DOC/DON (B horizon), Precipitation (mm yr-1), Water flux at the bottom of the O horizon (mm yr-1), Water flux at the bottom of B horizon (mm yr-1)], plant litter properties [Litterfall C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1), C/N ratio in litter, Lignin content in litter (%), Lignin/N ratio in litter, Root litter C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1)], and DOC retention in mineral soil (%), DOC flux relative to C input (%), Contribution of DOC to C input in mineral soil (%), and Turnover time of mineral soil C (yr)].
README: Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soils
This README file was generated on 2024-01-30 by Kazumichi Fujii.
Site and soil information and fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soils
Principal Investigator Contact Information
Name: Kazumichi Fujii
Institution: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Address: Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
Email: fkazumichi@affrc.go.jp
Abstract
To identify the factors regulating fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil profiles, we compiled the data of site information [Country, Region or state, Coordinates, Vegetation, Mean annual air temperature (ºC), Climate type, Vegetation type, Mycorrhiza type, Soil (USDA, Soil Taxonomy)], soil properties [Litter pH (H2O), Soil pH (H2O), Soil C/N ratio, Clay (%), Alo+1/2Feo (g kg-1), O horizon C stock (Mg C ha-1), Mineral soil C stock (Mg C ha-1)], fluxes and concentrations of DO C[Throughfall DOC flux (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC flux at the bottom of the O horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC flux at the bottom of the B horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1), DOC concentration at the bottom of the O horizon (mg C L-1), DOC concentration at the bottom of the B horizon (mg C L-1), DOC/Dissolved organic N (DON) (O horizon), DOC/DON (B horizon), Precipitation (mm yr-1), Water flux at the bottom of the O horizon (mm yr-1), Water flux at the bottom of B horizon (mm yr-1)], plant litter properties [Litterfall C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1), C/N ratio in litter, Lignin content in litter (%), Lignin/N ratio in litter, Root litter C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1)], and DOC retention in mineral soil (%), DOC flux relative to C input (%), Contribution of DOC to C input in mineral soil (%), and Turnover time of mineral soil C (yr)].
Description of the data and file structure
DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Table_DOC.xlsx
Number of variables: 35 (Table S1)
Number of cases/rows: 92
Variable List:
Table S1:
*Country
*Region or state
*Coordinates
*Vegetation
*Mean annual air temperature (ºC)
*Climate type
*Vegetation type
*Mycorrhiza type
*Soil (USDA, Soil Taxonomy)
*Litter pH (H2O)
*Soil pH (H2O)
*Soil C/N ratio
*Clay (%)
*Alo+1/2Feo (g kg-1)
*O horizon C stock (Mg C ha-1)
*Mineral soil C stock (Mg C ha-1)
*Throughfall DOC flux (kg C ha-1 yr-1)
*DOC flux at the bottom of the O horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1)
*DOC flux at the bottom of the B horizon (kg C ha-1 yr-1)
*DOC concentration at the bottom of the O horizon (mg C L-1)
*DOC concentration at the bottom of the B horizon (mg C L-1)
*DOC/DON (O horizon)
*DOC/DON (B horizon)
*Precipitation (mm yr-1)
*Water flux at the bottom of the O horizon (mm yr-1)
*Water flux at the bottom of B horizon (mm yr-1)
*Litterfall C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1)
*C/N ratio in litter
*Lignin content in litter (%)
*Lignin/N ratio in litter
*Root litter C input (Mg C ha-1 yr-1)
*DOC retention in mineral soil (%)
*DOC flux relative to C input (%)
*Contribution of DOC to C input in mineral soil (%)
*Turnover time of mineral soil C (yr)Missing data codes: NA (data not available)
Specialized formats or other abbreviations used:
BOR, TEMP, and TROP represent boreal, temperate, and tropical climates, respectively.
C, B, BF, and G represent coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, leguminous broad-leaved forest, and grassland, respectively.
AM, ECM, and ERM represent arbuscular mycorrhizal association, ectomycorrhizal association, and ericoid mycorrhizal association, respectively.
Sharing/Access information
Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain
Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None
Data was derived from the following sources:
- Fujii and Hayakawa (2022b) for DOC, Fujii and Hayakawa (2022a) for lignin
- Peichl et al. (2007) with modification (DOC flux from the O horizon was calculated using throughfall water flux), Delaney et al. (1996), Nadelhoffer and Raich (1992) for FRP, Kothawala et al. (2009) for Al/Fe
- Johnson et al. (2000) for DOC, Fahey et al. (2005) for LF, Currie and Aber (1997) for lignin, Bailey et al. (2003) for mean annual air temperature, Porras et al. (2017) for Al/Fe
- McDowell and Liken (1988) for DOC, Fernandez et al. (2003) for soil pH, Currie and Aber (1997) for lignin
- Yavitt and Fahey (1986) for DOC, Fahey et al. (1983) for LF, Mccahon and Munn (1991) for soil pH, Chatterjee et al. (2009) for soil C
- Qualls et al. (1991; 2000) for DOC, Bonito et al. (2003) for soil pH, Currie et al. (1996) for lignin and LF C/N
- Markewitz and Richter (1998) for DOC, Cybulski III et al. (2000) for lignin, Richter et al. (1999) for soil C
- Dosskey and Bertsch (1997) for DOC, Megonigal et al. (1997) for LF, Currie et al. (1996) for lignin and LF C/N, McDowell and Liken (1988) for throughfall DOC concentration, Baker III et al. (2001) for FRP
- Currie et al. (1996) for DOC, Magill et al. (2004) for LF, Aber et. (1995) for FRP, Porras et al. (2017) for Al/Fe
- Yano et al. (2004, 2005) for DOC, Valachovic et al. (2004) for lignin
- Sanderman and Amundson (2008), Valachovic et al. (2004) and Henry et al. (2008) for lignin
- McDowell (1998) for DOC, Hall and Silver (2015) for clay content, Cuevas et al. (1991) for LF and FRP, Bloomfield et al. (1997) for lignin and C/N, Ostertag et al. (2003) for O horizon mass, Wang et al. (2002) for soil C
- Schwendenmann and Veldcamp (2005) for DOC, Kleber et al. (2007) for soil pH, Raich et al. (2007) for lignin, Russell (2007) for FF, Valverde-Barrantes(2007) for FRP
- Tobón et al. (2004a) for DOC, Tobón et al. (2004b) for TF, Jiménez et al. (2009) for FRP
- McClain et al. (1997) for DOC, Cornu et al. (1997) for pH
- Markewitz et al. (2004) for DOC, Silver et al. (2004) and Trumbore et al. (2006) for FRP, Joslin (2007) for lignin, Martinelli et al. (2007) for C/N, Quesada et al. (2020) for Al/Fe
- Mulder et al. (1999) for DOC, Johansson (1995) for lignin, Leppälammi-Kujansuu et al. (2014) for FRP
- Fröberg et al. (2005) for DOC, Kleja et al. (2008) for LF, Johansson (1995) for lignin, Leppälammi-Kujansuu et al. (2014) for FRP
- Piirainen et al. (2002) for DOC, Johansson (1995) for lignin, Piirainen et al. (2015) for FF, Palviainen (2005) for soil C, Leppälammi-Kujansuu et al. (2014) for FRP
- Gundersen et al. (1998) for DOC, Emmett et al. (1995) for soil pH, Emmett et al. (1998) for TF, Prescott et al. (2000) for lignin, Alexander and Fairley(1983) for FRP
- Schmidt et al. (2004) for DOC, Field et al. (2017) for LF, Beier et al. (2009) for subsoil DOC and FRP, Van Meeteren et al. (2007) for LF lignin and C/N
- Gundersen et al. (1998) for DOC, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2000) for FRP
- Nielsen et al. (1999) for DOC, Pedersen and Bille-Hansen (1999) for LF, Jurkšienė et al. (2007) for LF lignin and C/N, Nielsen et al. (2000) for soil C and Al/Fe, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2001) for FRP
- Mossin et al. (2001) for DOC, Pedersen and Bille-Hansen (1999) for LF, Prescott et al. (2000) for lignin, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2001) for FRP
- Gundersen et al. (1998) for DOC, de Vries et al. (1995) for soil pH, Field et al. (2017) for LF, Beier et al. (2009) for FRP, Van Meeteren et al. (2007) for LF lignin and C/N
- Gundersen et al. (1998) for DOC, Johansson (1995) and Prescott et al. (2000) for lignin
- Guggenberger and Zech (1993) for DOC, Kalbitz et al. (2004) for LF and FF, Johansson (1995) for lignin, Wiesmeier et al. (2012) for SC, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2000) for FRP
- Kalbitz et al. (2004) for DOC, Johansson (1995) for lignin
- Michalzik and Matzner (1999), Johansson (1995) for lignin, Wiesmeier et al. (2012) for SC, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2000) for FRP
- Solinger et al. (2001) for DOC, Staaf (1987) for lignin, Wiesmeier et al. (2012) for SC, Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (2004) for FRP
- Don and Schulze (2008) for DOC, Bessler et al. (2009) for root:shoot allocation ratio, Henry et al. (2008) for lignin and C/N
- Sleutel et al. (2009) for DOC, Van Den Berge et al. (2021) for soil C, Hansson et al. (2013) for FRP
- Mulder et al. (2000) for DOC, Marcos and Lancho (2002) for soil pH, Gallardo et al. (2000) for Al/Fe, Gallardo and Merino (1992) for LF lignin and C/N
- Prokushkin et al. (2008; 2011) for DOC, FF and soil pH, Kajimoto et al. (1999) for LF, Mikson and Roshchin (2021) for lignin, Usoltsev et al. (2022) for FRP
- Prokushkin et al. (2005; 2006; 2011) for DOC, FF and soil pH, Kajimoto et al. (1999) for LF, Mikson and Roshchin (2020) for lignin, Usoltsev et al. (2022) for FRP
- Fujii et al. (2008)
- Fujii et al. (2021)
- Fang et al. (2009)
- Zhou et al. 2016 for DOC, Zhang et al. 2013 for LF and FF, Barbhuiya et al. (2008) for lignin and C/N, Tang et al. (2012) for soil C, Bibi et al. (2022) for FRP, Kramer et al. (2017) for Al/Fe
- Schmidt et al. (2010) for DOC, Liu and Chen(2004) for Al/Fe, Hishi and Takeda (2005) for FRP
- Fujii et al. (2009a)
- Fujii et al. (2017)
- Fujii et al. (2009b)
- Fujii et al. (2020a)
- Fujii et al. (2011) for Doc, Fujii et al. (2020a) for FRP
- Schrumpf et al. (2006) for DOC, Røhr (2003) for seepage water flux, Becker et al. (2015) for LF, Sierra Cornejo et al. (2020) for FRP, Gerschlauer et al. (2016) for soil C, Becker et al. (2015), Ostertag et al. (2008), and Bonanomi et al. (2021) for C/N and lignin
- Versini et al. (2014) for DOC, Epron et al. (2009) for soil C, Bernhard-Reversat et al. (1997) for LF C/N and lignin, Lohese (2021) for Al/Fe
- Shibata (2017) for DOC, Ibrahima et al. (2016) for FRP
- Moore (1989a), Daniel and Adams (1984) for LF and FF, Hoorens et al. (2010) for LF C/N and lignin, Tate et al. (1997) for soil C, Santantonio and Santantonio (1987) for FRP
- Moore (1989b), Daniel and Adams (1984) for LF and FF, Hoorens et al. (2010) for LF C/N and lignin, Tate et al. (1997) for soil C, Santantonio and Santantonio (1987) for FRP
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Methods
The data were compiled from data in our study and those from published sources by searching for “dissolved organic carbon”, “solute”, “flux”, “leaching”, and “soil” in Google Scholar. We compiled the data of DOC fluxes in throughfall and soil profiles from 91 sites, of which the DOC flux data at 18 sites have been published by our group. The climate was classified into four groups [polar climate (MAT < 0 ºC), boreal climate (0 ºC < MAT < 6 ºC), temperate climate (6 ºC < MAT < 20 ºC), tropical climate (20 ºC < MAT)], based on mean annual air temperature.
The other parameters include climatic properties [mean annual precipitation and mean annual air temperature], plant litter properties [litterfall C input, C/N ratio, Klason-lignin (residue after digestion with sulfuric acid; Allen et al., 1974), lignin/N ratio, root litter production] and soil properties [soil C stocks (O horizon and mineral soil (0-30 cm depth)), pH (water extraction), clay content, short-range-order (amorphous) aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) (acid ammonium oxalate extractable Al and Fe; McKeague and Day, 1966)].
The sampling and analytical methods are concisely summarized as follows: Throughfall (canopy leaching) samples were collected by precipitation collector, while soil solution samples were collected using tension-free lysimeters for downward flux of water percolating in the soil profiles. Sample solutions were filtered through a 0.45 µm filter (e.g., PTFE syringe filter) and stored at 1°C in the dark prior to analyses. The concentrations of DOC were determined using a total organic carbon and nitrogen analyzer (TOC-VCSH, Shimadzu, Japan). The dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations were calculated by subtracting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (sum of NH4+ and NO3-) from TDN concentrations (DON = TDN - NH4+ - NO3-) to obtain DOC/DON ratios in soil solution. The DOC flux at the depth of 0 cm (the bottom of organic layers) and the bottom of B horizon (the bottom of rooting zone) was estimated by multiplying DOC concentrations in soil solution and water fluxes at each depth. Soil water fluxes were estimated by hydrological models or precipitation-evapotranspiration water budgets. Annual root production was measured by ingrowth core method, net sheet method, or sequential sampling method and estimated to be equal to annual root litter inputs.
Proportion of DOC flux from the O horizon relative to C input via both throughfall and litterfall was calculated by dividing DOC flux from the O horizon by C input via both throughfall and litterfall. DOC retention in the mineral soil was calculated as the percentage of net decrease in DOC flux between O and B horizons relative to DOC flux from the O horizon. The apparent turnover time (yr) of soil C was estimated by dividing soil C stocks (Mg C ha–1) by C inputs (net DOC inputs and root litter inputs into the mineral soil) (Mg C ha–1 yr–1).