Objective: Studies on primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) patients in the “real life” are scarce. Our objective was to analyze, in a nationwide population-based study, the current medical practice in the management of PCNSL. Methods: The LOC database prospectively records all newly diagnosed PCNSL from 32 French centers. Data of patients diagnosed between 2011-2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: We identified 1002 immunocompetent patients (43% aged>70 years, median KPS 60). First-line treatment was high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy in 92% of cases, with an increasing use of rituximab over time (66%). Patients <60 years old received consolidation treatment in 77% of cases, consisting of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) (54%) or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HCT-ASCT) (23%). Among the patients > 60 years old, WBRT and HCT-ASCT consolidation were administered in only 9% and 2%, respectively. The complete response rate to initial chemotherapy was 50%. Median progression-free survival was 10.5 months. For relapse, second-line chemotherapy, HCT-ASCT, WBRT and palliative care were offered to 55%, 17%, 10%, and 18% of patients, respectively. The median, 2-year and 5-year overall survival was 25.3 months, 51% and 38%, respectively (< 60 years: not reached (NR), 70% and 61%; > 60 years: 15.4 months, 44% and 28%). Age, KPS, sex and response to induction CT were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Our study confirms the increasing proportion of elderly within PCNSL and shows comparable outcome in this population-based study with those reported by clinical trials, reflecting a notable application of recent PCNSL advances in the real life.