Management scale drives bee and forb biodiversity patterns in suburban green spaces
Data files
Nov 20, 2024 version files 844.78 KB
-
Hosler_21_Plants.xlsx
203.51 KB
-
Hosler_22_Plants.xlsx
243.32 KB
-
Hosler_Bees.xlsx
201.52 KB
-
Hosler_Biodiversity_Analyses.Rmd
91.30 KB
-
Hosler_Combined_Data.xlsx
102.43 KB
-
README.md
2.71 KB
Abstract
Land management can occur at very small scales, such as in individual home gardens, and at very large scales, such as at the municipal scale or beyond. The scale of management can affect environmental heterogeneity and thus can affect biodiversity at alpha, beta, and gamma scales. Urban areas provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of large- versus small-scale land management on different scales of biodiversity. We surveyed floral resources and bees in residential backyards and powerline corridors in the Chicago suburbs, with yards representing small-scale management and powerline corridors representing large-scale management. We calculated alpha diversity, beta diversity, and gamma diversity for both floral and bee species. We also determined absolute nestedness for corridors and neighborhoods to gain further insight into the effects of management on species composition. We found that beta diversity for both floral resources and bees was highest in response to small-scale yard management and its creation of heterogeneous landscapes, while alpha and gamma diversity tended to be lower in yards compared to the powerline corridors. We also found that the floral resource and bee communities demonstrated absolute nestedness in both powerline corridors and residential neighborhoods, respectively. Our results indicate that taxa may respond to the effects of management scale differently owing to variations in their mobility or resource requirements. Our study results demonstrate that suburban residential areas may be prime targets for biodiversity conservation due to their environmental heterogeneity.
README: Management scale drives bee and forb biodiversity patterns in suburban green spaces
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxppd9
Description of the data and file structure
Files include data for floral resource surveys and bee surveys (collected via both Pollard walks and pan traps) as well as an R-markdown file of the code used to analyze the data.
Files and variables
File: Hosler_21_Plants.xlsx
Description: Floral resource data by site for 2021.
Variables
- Code: The alphanumeric code for each sampling module: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential); the number(s) indicates which sampling module within that site
File: Hosler_22_Plants.xlsx
Description: Floral resource data by site for 2022.
Variables
- Module: The numeric code indicating each individual sampling module within a site.
File: Hosler_Combined_Data.xlsx
Description: Floral resource and bee data for both 2021 and 2022 with sites as rows.
Variables
- Code or Site: The 4-letter code for each site: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential)
- Cluster: The 2-letter code for one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge)
- Type: The single letter code for the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield)
- Site: The single letter code for management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential)
File: Hosler_Bees.xlsx
Description: Bee data for both 2021 and 2022 are separated by site.
Variables
- Code: The alphanumeric code for each sampling module: the first 2 letters indicate one of the four clusters (CL=Crystal Lake, GH=Glendale Heights, MG=Morton Grove, WR=Woodridge); the 3rd letter indicates the site type (P=Prairie, M=Mown, O=Oldfield); the 4th letter indicates the management type (C=Corridor, R=Residential); the number(s) indicates which sampling module within that site
File: Hosler_Biodiversity_Analyses.Rmd
Description: R-markdown file of code used to analyze data.
Code/software
Analyses are run in RStudio using an R-markdown file. Required packages include betapart, vegan, glmmTMB, lme4, and cv. Additional analyses were run using the Nestedness for Dummies website.
Methods
Data were collected in 5m X 5m sampling modules in powerline corridors and residential backyards. Floral resource surveys were conducted by a single observer who counted all open/blooming floral units visible within the sampling module and identified them to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Timed pollinator observations were conducted by a single observer who spent 5 minutes observing each half of the sampling module, counting any visible bees in the module during that time and identifying them to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Bee bowls were set out for ~24 hours in arrays of 6 bowls laid in a diagonal transect within each sampling module. Each bee bowl transect included 2 white, blue, and yellow bowls, and no two bowls of the same color were placed immediately adjacent to one another in the transect. Bowls were filled with a dilute soap solution. Bees captured in bee bowls were stored in 70% ethanol until lab processing, at which point they were washed, rinsed, dried, and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level.