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Dryad

Shoals in troubled waters: Data

Data files

Sep 26, 2023 version files 24.68 KB

Abstract

Rising water temperatures across aquatic habitats, in the current global climate change scenario, in freshwater systems, can increase, directly affecting metabolism and food intake in fish species. These can potentially alter their physiological, behavioural and, potentially altering their shoaling properties. In the current study, we examined the effects of future temperatures on metabolism, foraging, and shoaling of tropical fish. Mixed-species shoals, (comprising flying barbs, zebrafish and gambusia) and as well single-species (flying barbs and zebrafish) shoals of flying barbs and zebrafish were conditioned for 45 days to one of the following three kinds of temperature regimes: the Current Temperature Regime (CTR) in which shoals were at 24°C (i.e., the current mean temperature of their habitat), The Predicted Temperature Regime (PTR) which maintained a water temperature of 31°C, (i.e., simulating conditions projected for their habitat in 2100), and The Dynamic Temperature Regime (DTR) which experienced daily temperature fluctuations between 24°C and 31°C, (i.e., resembling rapid temperature changes expected in their natural environments) or the Current Temperature Regime (CTR) in which shoals were at 24°C, the current mean temperature of their habitat. Our results revealed species-specific responses to these temperature regimes. Flying barbs exhibited significantly lower body weight at PTR but maintained consistent glycogen content across all temperature regimes. In contrast, zebrafish and gambusia displayed significantly elevated muscle glycogen content at PTR, with similar body weights across all three temperature regimes. Bloodworm intake showed there were no significant temperature-related changes on feeding behaviour. Cohesion within flying barb shoals and cohesion/polarization in mixed-species shoals decreased significantly at PTR. Shoals exposed to DTR exhibited intermediate characteristics between those conditioned to CTR and PTR, suggesting that shoals may be less impacted by dynamic temperatures as compared to prolonged high temperatures. This study highlights species-specific metabolic responses to future temperatures and their potential implications for larger-scale shoal properties.