Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
Data files
Dec 15, 2023 version files 3.59 GB
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brm_abund_00.rds
165.69 MB
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brm_abund_10.rds
317.91 MB
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brm_abund_11.rds
318.34 MB
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brm_abund_12.rds
235.88 MB
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brm_abund_12b.rds
61.18 MB
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brm_abund_20.rds
167.66 MB
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brm_abund_30.rds
166.14 MB
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brm_abund_40.rds
318.37 MB
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brm_abund_50.rds
395.13 MB
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brm_rich_00.rds
318.23 MB
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brm_rich_11.rds
318.53 MB
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brm_rich_12.rds
319.49 MB
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brm_rich_12b.rds
321.36 MB
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brm_rich_20.rds
167.80 MB
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meta_abund_diet2.rds
45.82 KB
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meta_abund_diet3.rds
38.57 KB
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meta_abund_size.rds
47.45 KB
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meta_abund.rds
23.13 KB
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meta_rich_granivorous.rds
18.72 KB
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meta_rich_omnivorous2.rds
17.86 KB
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meta_rich_omnivorous3.rds
17.99 KB
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meta_rich_predatory2.rds
17.83 KB
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meta_rich.rds
17.47 KB
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README.md
4.46 KB
Abstract
Natural pest and weed regulation are essential for agricultural production, but the spatial distribution of natural enemies within crop fields and its drivers are mostly unknown. Using 28 datasets comprising 1,204 study sites across eight Western and Central European countries, we performed a quantitative synthesis of carabid richness, activity densities and functional traits in relation to field edges (i.e. distance functions). We show for the first time that distance functions of carabids strongly depend on carabid functional traits, crop type and, to a lesser extent, adjacent non-crop habitats. Richness of both predators and granivores and activity densities of small and granivorous species decreased towards field interiors, whereas the densities of large species increased. We found strong distance decays in maize and vegetables whereas richness and densities remained more stable in cereals, oilseed crops and legumes. We conclude that carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes are driven by the complex interplay of crop types, adjacent non-crop habitats and further landscape parameters with great potential for targeted agroecological management. In particular, our synthesis indicates that a higher edge-interior ratio can counter the distance decay of carabid richness per field and thus likely benefits natural pest and weed regulation, hence contributing to agricultural sustainability.
README: Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8q0w
Our dataset is a synthesis of 28 studies, comprising 1204 study sites, reporting carabid beetle sampling data as a function of distance from field edge.
Description of the data and file structure
The data files included are different summaries of the 28 constituent datasets synthesized in this study, each corresponding to one or more modeling workflows (see below). These are saved as .rds file to be imported in R via readRDS().
- meta_rich: plot-level carabid richness by distance
- study: study from which the data come
- site: site identity
- richness: carabid species richness
- crop: crop grown in field from which samples were taken
- *crop.poo*l: crop pooled into larger categories
- snh.type: type of habitat adjacent to focal field
- distance100: distance from field edge in units of 100 m
- trap.days: total days traps were deployed * number of traps deployed
- trap.days10: trap days in units of 10
- log.trap.days: log-transformed trap days
- country: country in which study was conducted
- distances.sampled.site: number of unique distances from field edge sampled for a given site
- distances.sampled.study: number of unique distances from field edge sampled for a given study
- europe: whether study was conducted in Europe
meta_rich_predatory2: plot-level carabid richness by distance, predatory species only
(variables identical to those in meta_rich)
meta_rich_granivorous: plot-level carabid richness by distance, granivorous species only
(variables identical to those in meta_rich)
meta_rich_omnivorous2: plot-level carabid richness by distance, omnivorous species only
(variables identical to those in meta_rich)
meta_rich_omnivorous3: plot-level carabid richness by distance, omnivorous species only, minus P. cupreus
(variables identical to those in meta_rich)
meta_abund: plot-level carabid activity density by distance
- abund: total number of beetles caught (i.e. activity density)
abund.std: number of beetles caught per trap day
(other variables identical to those in meta_rich)
meta_abund_diet2: plot-level carabid activity density by distance, by diet class
diet: diet class --- predatory, omnivorous, or granivorous
(other variables identical to those in meta_abund)
meta_abund_diet3: plot-level carabid activity density by distance, by diet class minus P. cupreus
(variables identical to those in meta_abund_diet2)
meta_abund_size: plot-level carabid activity density by distance, by size class
size.class: category of beetle size --- small, medium, or large
(other variables identical to those in meta_abund)
The model files are the R objects produced by our Bayesian hierarchical models, and they serve as input to the analytical workflows noted below.
- brm_rich_00: model of carabid richness by distance
- brm_rich_11: model of carabid richness by distance, predatory species only
- brm_rich_12: model of carabid richness by distance, omnivorous species only
- brm_rich_12b: model of carabid richness by distance, omnivorous species only, minus P. cupreus
- brm_rich_20: model of carabid richness by distance, granivorous species only
- brm_abund_00: model of carabid activity density by distance
- brm_abund_11: model of carabid activity density by distance, predatory species only
- brm_abund_12: model of carabid activity density by distance, omnivorous species only
- brm_abund_12b: model of carabid activity density by distance, omnivorous species only, minus P. cupreus
- brm_abund_20: model of carabid activity density by distance, granivorous species only
- brm_abund_30: model of carabid activity density by distance, small species only
- brm_abund_40: model of carabid activity density by distance, medium species only
- brm_abund_50: model of carabid activity density by distance, large species only
Code/Software
Supplementary files ESM1, ESM2, ESM3, and ESM4 provide data summaries and R scripts to reproduce fully all analyses and visualizations reported in the text of our paper.