Breeding season forest fragment size does not create negative carry-over for adult Wood Thrushes on fall migration timing or apparent annual survival
Data files
Jun 30, 2023 version files 212.91 KB
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_apparent_survival.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_Cort.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_fall_migration_young_fledged.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_fall_migration.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_last_nest.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_scaled_mass.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_vegetation.xlsx
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Boyd_et_al._dataset_young_fledged.xlsx
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README.md
Abstract
Although carry-over effects related to wintering habitat quality are known to influence population dynamics of migratory songbirds, the presence of breeding season carry-over is under-studied in full annual cycle models. To test whether forest fragment size on the breeding grounds can impose negative carry-over effects on a migratory songbird, we fitted adult Wood Thrushes with one-year coded radio-tags in forest fragments ranging from 11–499 ha in southwestern Ontario during the 2016–2019 breeding seasons and utilized automated telemetry via the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to record fall migration timing and returns the following spring (apparent annual survival). To examine short-term effects of fragment size on breeding females, during the 2018 and 2019 breeding seasons, we collected blood samples during incubation to measure corticosterone levels and tracked complete reproductive success and nest timing. We found that Wood Thrushes breeding in small forest fragments were not subject to strong negative effects on body condition (mass, corticosterone), reproductive success, or timing of the last nest of the season. Next, we found that the onset of fall migration departure was not delayed for birds nesting in small fragments and that apparent annual survival was not linked to breeding fragment size. This suggests that habitat differences linked to fragment size were not strong enough to trigger the kinds of negative carry-over effects (delayed migration, lower reproductive success) that have been documented in other species as a result of poor wintering ground habitat quality. The strength of breeding fragment size-induced seasonal carry-over remains a critical gap in full annual cycle models for other declining migratory songbirds. Our findings suggest that while the importance of preserving large forested areas is often prioritized in conservation projects, small forest fragments can also have high conservation value.
Methods
During the 2016–2019 breeding seasons (May-August), adult Wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) were captured in a variety of forest fragments in southern Ontario, Canada. Each bird that was captured had mass, tarsus length, wing length, age, and sex recorded. During 2018–2019, some birds were blood sampled to evaluate levels of corticosterone, the stress hormone in birds. During all years of the study, some birds were tagged with coded radio transmitters and fall migration dates and apparent survival were recorded using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System, which is an automated telemetry array. Vegetation surveys were conducted at each location that a bird was tagged.
Usage notes
The datasheet can be opened using Microsoft Excel or R.