Ponerorchis wolongensis, a new orchid species from the Hengduan Mountains, western Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Morphologically, the new species is similar to P. capitata, but they can easily be differentiated by the number of leaves and flowers, the shape of leaves, and the mid-lobe of the labellum. Phylogenetically, based on seven DNA sequences, the new species is more close to P . sichuanica, but these two species are very different in both growth habit and morphological characteristics.