Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain-nigral circuit
Data files
Apr 23, 2020 version files 305.63 MB
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BehavData.xls
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Guideline.docx
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S1_BF_epoched.mat
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S1_CN_epoched.mat
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S1_GP_epoched.mat
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S1_HB_epoched.mat
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S1_NAc_epoched.mat
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S1_PPN_epoched.mat
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S1_putamen_epoched.mat
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S1_SN_epoched.mat
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S1_VTA_epoched.mat
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S1_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S1_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S10_BF_epoched.mat
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S10_CN_epoched.mat
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S10_GP_epoched.mat
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S10_HB_epoched.mat
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S10_NAc_epoched.mat
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S10_PPN_epoched.mat
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S10_putamen_epoched.mat
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S10_SN_epoched.mat
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S10_VTA_epoched.mat
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S10_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S10_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S11_BF_epoched.mat
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S11_CN_epoched.mat
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S11_GP_epoched.mat
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S11_HB_epoched.mat
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S11_NAc_epoched.mat
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S11_PPN_epoched.mat
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S11_putamen_epoched.mat
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S11_SN_epoched.mat
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S11_VTA_epoched.mat
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S11_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S11_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S12_BF_epoched.mat
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S12_CN_epoched.mat
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S12_GP_epoched.mat
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S12_HB_epoched.mat
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S12_NAc_epoched.mat
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S12_PPN_epoched.mat
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S12_putamen_epoched.mat
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S12_SN_epoched.mat
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S12_VTA_epoched.mat
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S12_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S12_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S13_BF_epoched.mat
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S13_CN_epoched.mat
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S13_GP_epoched.mat
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S13_HB_epoched.mat
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S13_NAc_epoched.mat
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S13_PPN_epoched.mat
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S13_putamen_epoched.mat
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S13_SN_epoched.mat
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S13_VTA_epoched.mat
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S13_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S13_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S14_BF_epoched.mat
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S14_CN_epoched.mat
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S14_GP_epoched.mat
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S14_HB_epoched.mat
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S14_NAc_epoched.mat
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S14_PPN_epoched.mat
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S14_putamen_epoched.mat
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S14_SN_epoched.mat
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S14_VTA_epoched.mat
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S14_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S14_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S14_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S14_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S14_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S14_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S15_BF_epoched.mat
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S15_CN_epoched.mat
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S15_GP_epoched.mat
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S15_HB_epoched.mat
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S15_NAc_epoched.mat
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S15_PPN_epoched.mat
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S15_putamen_epoched.mat
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S15_SN_epoched.mat
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S15_VTA_epoched.mat
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S15_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S15_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S16_BF_epoched.mat
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S16_CN_epoched.mat
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S16_GP_epoched.mat
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S16_HB_epoched.mat
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S16_NAc_epoched.mat
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S16_PPN_epoched.mat
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S16_putamen_epoched.mat
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S16_SN_epoched.mat
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S16_VTA_epoched.mat
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S16_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S16_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S17_BF_epoched.mat
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S17_CN_epoched.mat
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S17_GP_epoched.mat
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S17_HB_epoched.mat
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S17_NAc_epoched.mat
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S17_PPN_epoched.mat
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S17_putamen_epoched.mat
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S17_SN_epoched.mat
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S17_VTA_epoched.mat
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S17_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S17_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S17_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S17_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S18_BF_epoched.mat
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S18_GP_epoched.mat
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S18_HB_epoched.mat
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S18_NAc_epoched.mat
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S18_PPN_epoched.mat
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S18_SN_epoched.mat
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S18_VTA_epoched.mat
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S18_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_mainOut.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_reward.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S18_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S19_BF_epoched.mat
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S19_HB_epoched.mat
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S19_PPN_epoched.mat
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S19_putamen_epoched.mat
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S19_SN_epoched.mat
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S19_VTA_epoched.mat
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S19_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S19_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S19_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S19_zstat_stim.nii.gz
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S19_zstat_totaltime.nii.gz
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S2_BF_epoched.mat
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S2_CN_epoched.mat
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S2_GP_epoched.mat
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S2_HB_epoched.mat
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S2_NAc_epoched.mat
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S2_PPN_epoched.mat
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S2_putamen_epoched.mat
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S2_SN_epoched.mat
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S2_VTA_epoched.mat
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S2_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S2_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S20_BF_epoched.mat
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S20_SN_epoched.mat
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S20_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S3_BF_epoched.mat
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S3_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S3_zstat_actTimeShort.nii.gz
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S3_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S5_BF_epoched.mat
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S5_CN_epoched.mat
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S5_GP_epoched.mat
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S5_HB_epoched.mat
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S5_NAc_epoched.mat
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S5_PPN_epoched.mat
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S5_putamen_epoched.mat
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S5_SN_epoched.mat
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S5_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S5_zstat_mainAct.nii.gz
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S6_BF_epoched.mat
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S6_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S8_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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S9_BF_epoched.mat
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S9_zstat_actTimeLong.nii.gz
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Abstract
Decisions about when to act are critical for survival in humans as in animals but how a desire is translated into the decision that an action is worth taking at any particular point in time is incompletely understood. Here we show that a simple model developed to explain when animals decide it is worth taking an action also explains a significant portion of the variance in timing observed when humans take voluntary actions. The model focuses on the current environment’s potential for reward, the timing of the individual’s own recent actions, and the outcomes of those actions. We show, by using ultra-high-field MRI scanning, that in addition to anterior cingulate cortex within medial frontal cortex, a group of subcortical structures including striatum, substantia nigra, basal forebrain (BF), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and habenula (HB) encode trial-by-trial variation in action time. Further analysis of the activity patterns found in each area together with psychophysiological interaction analysis and structural equation modelling suggested a model in which BF integrates contextual information that will influence the decision about when to act and communicates this information, in parallel with PPN and HB influences, to nigrostriatal circuits. It is then in the nigrostriatal circuit that action initiation per se begins.
To use the dataset please see Guideline.docx