We conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals working in the broad field of sustainable and equitable urban development in the U.S.A. between August and September 2022. We used purposive and snowball sampling, targeting people with experience working in this field across multiple sectors, states, and types of organizations. Participants were informed and consented and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Participants reported working in the following professions: Built environment, Transport & Mobility, Health and social care, Housing, Culture, Parks and Recreation, Water, Education, Energy, Workforce support, Sanitation, Waste, and Others. Participants' organization types included: local government, non-profit organizations, private sector, and others. Participants lived in various U.S. states.

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals working in the broad field of sustainable and equitable urban development in the U.S.A. between August and September 2022. There were 21 interviews, in which two participants attended two interviews. Participants were informed and consented (following research ethics approval from University College London's Bartlett School of Energy, Environment and Resources low-risk procedure) and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interviews were conducted virtually. Transcripts were generated through Zoom's computer-generated audio transcription (n=8) or using Rev.com (n=13). Transcripts were anonymized using best practices for sharing human subject data. We removed data that could allow a person to be identified, including direct and indirect identifiers (such as descriptions of their employer, geographical location, and other data that would be unique to a specific place). Generic terms were replaced with identifiable data using brackets. For example, a participant's name would be replaced with [name]. In cases where a long description was not possible to de-identify, the relevant text was deleted and this was indicated in the transcription with a notation, such as: [details deleted].

The interview guide included the following questions: