Understanding how interactions between multiple selective forces influence traits at the macroevolutionary scale is key to understanding adaptive landscapes. Diadromy, an extreme form of migration between marine and freshwater environments, is thought to require locomotory traits conducive to long-distance migration. Yet, other selective forces, such as predator avoidance, habitat use, and prey acquisition, are also likely to shape locomotory adaptation in fishes. We examined how diadromy and trophic ecology together influenced locomotory trait diversity across Clupeiformes, a clade of fishes containing high trophic diversity and numerous transitions to diadromy. We found that both diadromy and trophic ecology influenced the pattern and pace of trait evolution. Diadromous taxa rapidly evolved traits characterized by high cruising efficiency, but the extent to which diadromous and non-diadromous taxa differed depended on their trophic ecology. Macropredators showed greater differences in locomotory traits between diadromous and non-diadromous taxa than phytodetritivores and micropredators, suggesting that traits conducive to migration might be most costly to consumers of evasive prey. This work shows that simultaneously characterizing the roles of multiple ecological or life-history factors in phenotypic evolution can bring the topography of adaptive landscapes into sharper focus and provide a more holistic view of the forces driving patterns of trait evolution.

README: Data from: Dine and dash: How trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in Clupeiform fishes

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jqw

This dataset is from: Finnegan, D.L., Egan J.P., Bloom, D.D. 2024. Dine and dash: How trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in Clupeiform fishes. Accepted for publication in Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.

Description of the data and file structure

This dataset contains four .csv files

1. “ClupFunctionalTraitData_LinneanSociety_avg_Finneganetal2024.csv” is the collected morphological data for each taxa. Each column is described below:

Family: family of the species

Genus_species: species name

Diadromy: categorization of diadromous or non-diadromous

Diet: categorization of diet

Mass: average mass (grams)

SL: average standard length (millimeters)

twoMA: average 2nd moment of area (mm^4)

Peduncle_ratio: average caudal peduncle ratio

CF_AR: average caudal fin aspect ratio

FR: average fineness ratio

Pect_mom_index: average pectoral fin moment index

Pelv_mom_index: average pelvic fin moment index

D_mom_index: average dorsal fin moment index

A_mom_index: average anal fin moment index

C_mom_index: average caudal fin moment index

2. “DiadromyData.csv” contains the diadromy assignments for the expanded phylogenetic data from Egan et al. (in press).

Tip: tips of phylogeny, represented by a species

Diadromy2: diadromy assignment for each tip of the tree

3. “RatesMorphEvol_Diadromy.csv” is the results from morphological rates of evolution analyses to be used for plotting

Test: specifies the rate of evolution test

State: specifies whether rate is for diadromy or non-diadromy

Rate: morphological rate of evolution

4. “RatesMorphEvol_Diet.csv”

Test: specifies the rate of evolution test

State: specifies diet assignment of rate

Rate: morphological rate of evolution

This data contains 20 phylogenetic tree files

1. “Eganetal_MCC.tre” is the maximum-clade-credibility tree from Egan et al. (in press)

2. “ExpandedDataset_DistributionUltrametric_Eganetal.nexus” is the 18-tree distribution containing the expanded phylogenetic dataset from Egan et al. (in press)

3. “Phylogeny1.tree” - “Phylogeny18.tree” is the 18-tree distribution from Egan et al. (in press), broken up into individual files for each tree.

Code/Software

All analyses (with the exception of a few basic calculations) and figures conducted in this study were generated using R studio and are contained in the file "Finnegan_etal_2024_BJLS_analysisfigures_code.R", but stylistic edits on figures were later made in Adobe Illustrator.

Methods

Phylogenetic data comes from Egan et al. (in press).

Morphological data was collected for 131 taxa across Clupeiformes using museum specimens. We used a methodology first developed by Gerry et al. (2011) to collect functional locomotory trait data by obtaining the center of mass of a museum specimen. This then allowed us to calculate nine functional indices. For more information on the methods, see Finnegan et al. (2024).

Data from: Dine and dash: How trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in Clupeiform fishes

Data files