Lifetimes and timescales of tropospheric ozone: Ozone emission experiments
Data files
Jan 16, 2024 version files 23.46 GB
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EO3_CTRL_air.nc
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EO3_CTRL_e90.nc
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EO3_CTRL_ozo.nc
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EO3_CTRL_prs.nc
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EO3_CTRL_tem.nc
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EO3_EO3A_1Jul2003.nc
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EO3_EO3A_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Ad1_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Ad2_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3B_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3S_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Sd1_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Sd2_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3T_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Td1_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3Td2_ozo.nc
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EO3_EO3U_ozo.nc
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README.md
Abstract
The lifetime of tropospheric O3 is difficult to quantify because we model O3 as a secondary pollutant, without direct emissions. For other reactive greenhouse gases like CH4 and N2O, we readily model lifetimes and timescales that include chemical feedbacks based on direct emissions. Here, we devise a set of artificial experiments with a chemistry-transport model where O3 is directly emitted into the atmosphere at a quantified rate. We create three primary emission patterns for O3, mimicking secondary production by surface industrial pollution, that by aviation, and primary injection through stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). The perturbation lifetimes for these O3 sources includes chemical feedbacks and varies from 6 to 27 days depending on source location and season. Previous studies derived lifetimes around 24 days estimated from the mean odd-oxygen loss frequency. The timescales for decay of excess O3 varies from 10–20 days in NH summer to 30–40 days in NH winter. For each season, we identify a single O3 chemical mode applying to all experiments. Understanding how O3 sources accumulate (the lifetime) and disperse (decay timescale) provides some insight into how changes in pollution emissions, climate, and stratospheric O3 depletion over this century will alter tropospheric O3. This work incidentally found two distinct mistakes in how we diagnose tropospheric O3, but not how we model it. First, the chemical pattern of an O3 perturbation or decay mode does not resemble our traditional view of the odd-oxygen family of species that includes NO2. Instead, a positive O3 perturbation is accompanied by a decrease in NO2. Second, heretofore we diagnosed the importance of STE flux to tropospheric O3 with a synthetic ‘tagged’ tracer O3S, which had full stratospheric chemistry and linear tropospheric loss based on odd-oxygen loss rates. These O3S studies predicted that about 40 % of tropospheric O3 was of stratospheric origin, but our lifetime and decay experiments show clearly that STE fluxes add about 8 % to tropospheric O3, providing further evidence that tagged tracers do not work when the tracer is a major species with chemical feedbacks on its loss rates, as shown for CH4.
README: Lifetimes and timescales of tropospheric ozone: Ozone emission experiments
README for Elementa paper
17 netcdf files with UCI CTM output,
Each has one primary variable as noted,except that EO3_EO3A_1Jul2003.nc has Relative Differences for all species as explained below.
EO3_CTRL_prs.nc 43,391,995
EO3_CTRL_tem.nc 2,311,030,348
EO3_CTRL_ozo.nc 2,955,392,239
EO3_CTRL_e90.nc 3,051,450,892
EO3_CTRL_air.nc 1,519,051,040
EO3_EO3A_ozo.nc 2,364,511,906
EO3_EO3B_ozo.nc 2,364,326,446
EO3_EO3S_ozo.nc 2,364,489,251
EO3_EO3T_ozo.nc 2,364,599,147
EO3_EO3U_ozo.nc 2,364,330,292
EO3_EO3Td2_ozo.nc 291,719,936
EO3_EO3Td1_ozo.nc 291,582,443
EO3_EO3Sd2_ozo.nc 291,704,163
EO3_EO3Sd1_ozo.nc 291,576,627
EO3_EO3Ad2_ozo.nc 291,712,609
EO3_EO3Ad1_ozo.nc 291,582,195
EO3_EO3A_1Jul2003.nc 5,072,744
Source: G:\...\EO3_CTRL_ozo.nc
Format: netcdf4
Dimensions:
Lngs = 320
Lats = 160
Alts = 57
Days = 365
Variables:
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x365
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell)'
day
Size: 365x1
Dimensions: Days
Datatype: int32
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'Days since 1 Jan 2000'
* day(1) = 5 = Jan 5, 2000*
* day(365) = 1826 = end of Dec 31, 2004*
Source: G:\...\EO3_CTRL_air.nc
airmass
Size: 320x160x57x365
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'air mass (kg per cell)'
day
Size: 365x1
Dimensions: Days
Datatype: int32
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'Days since 1 Jan 2000'
* day(1) = 5 = Jan 5, 2000*
* day(365) = 1826 = end of Dec 31, 2004*
Source: G:\...\EO3_CTRL_e90.nc
Variables:
e90
Size: 320x160x57x365
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'e90 mass (kg per cell)'
e90 = tropopause tracer: > 90 ppb = troposphere ; <= 90 ppb = stratosphere
Source: G:\...\EO3_CTRL_tem.nc
temp
Size: 320x160x57x365
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'temperature (K)'
Source: G:\...\EO3_CTRL_prs.nc
press
Size: 320x160x365
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'CTRL Jan 2000 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'surface pressure (hPa)'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3U_ozo.nc
Format: netcdf4
Dimensions:
Lngs = 320
Lats = 160
Alts = 57
Days = 292
Variables:
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3T Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
day
Size: 292x1
Dimensions: Days
Datatype: int32
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3T Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'Days since 1 Jan 2000'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3A_ozo.nc
Dimensions:
Lngs = 320
Lats = 160
Alts = 57
Days = 292
Variables:
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3A Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
day
Size: 292x1
Dimensions: Days
Datatype: int32
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3A Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'Days since 1 Jan 2000'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3B_ozo.nc
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3A Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3S_ozo.nc
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3S Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3T_ozo.nc
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3T Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3U_ozo.nc
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x292
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'EO3T Jan 2000 - Dec 2003'
Note mislabel as EO3T instead of EO3U
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Ad1_ozo.nc
Dimensions:
Lngs = 320
Lats = 160
Alts = 57
Days = 36
Variables:
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x36
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'decay Jan 2004 - Dec 2004'
* >>>>>> dates mislabeled: decay from Jul 1 2003 to Dec 31 2003*
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
day
Size: 36x1
Dimensions: Days
Datatype: int32
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'decay Jan 2004 - Dec 2004'
variable = 'Days since 1 Jan 2000'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Ad2_ozo.nc
ozone
Size: 320x160x57x36
Dimensions: Lngs,Lats,Alts,Days
Datatype: single
Attributes: direct O3 emission = 'decay Jan 2004 - Dec 2004'
* >>>>>> dates mislabeled: decay from Jan 1 2004 to Jun 30 2004*
variable = 'ozone (kg per cell))'
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Sd1_ozo.nc <same as other decays
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Sd2_ozo.nc
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Td1_ozo.nc
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3Td2_ozo.nc
Snapshot of the relative differences in ALL species (lat-long & lat-press)
EO3A, day 1278 = Jul 1, 2003
Source: G:\...\EO3_EO3A_1Jul2003.nc
Format: classic
Dimensions:
LON = 320
LAT = 160
LEV = 57
Variables:
LON
Size: 320x1
Dimensions: LON
Datatype: single
Attributes: units = 'degrees_east'
LAT
Size: 160x1
Dimensions: LAT
Datatype: single
Attributes: units = 'degrees_north'
LEV
Size: 57x1
Dimensions: LEV
Datatype: single
Attributes: units = 'km_upward'
O3ij
Size: 320x160
Dimensions: LON,LAT
Datatype: single
Attributes: title = 'Column RD of O3'
O3jl
Size: 160x57
Dimensions: LAT,LEV
Datatype: single
Attributes: title = 'Zonal RD of O3'
NOij
Size: 320x160
Dimensions: LON,LAT
Datatype: single
Attributes:
title = 'Column RD of NO'
NOjl
Size: 160x57
Dimensions: LAT,LEV
Datatype: single
Attributes: title = 'Zonal RD of NO'
...
NO3ij
NO3jl
NO2ij
NO2jl
N2O5ij
N2O5jl
HONO2ij
HONO2jl
HO2NO2ij
HO2NO2jl
H2O2ij
H2O2jl
CH4ij
CH4jl
MeOOHij
MeOOHjl
HCHOij
HCHOjl
COij
COjl
C2H6ij
C2H6jl
EtOOHij
EtOOHjl
MeCHOij
MeCHOjl
MeCO3ij
MeCO3jl
PANij
PANjl
Alkaneij
Alkanejl
Alkeneij
Alkenejl
Isopreneij
Isoprenejl
e090ij
e090jl
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
day= 292 or 365 points (every 5 days)
only CTRL has 5 years, A/B/S/T/U have 4 years
d2 decay
day # snapshot @ end of day) Jan 5
Y2000 Y2001 Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2004
5 371 736 1101 1466 1466
10 376 741 1106 1471 1471
15 381 746 1111 1476 1476
20 386 751 1116 1481 1481
25 391 756 1121 1486 1486
30 396 761 1126 1491 1491
35 401 766 1131 1496 1496
40 406 771 1136 1501 1501
45 411 776 1141 1506 1506
50 416 781 1146 1511 1511
55 421 786 1151 1516 1516
60 426 791 1156 1521 1521
65 431 796 1161 1526 1526
70 436 801 1166 1531 1531
75 441 806 1171 1536 1536
80 446 811 1176 1541 1541
85 451 816 1181 1546 1546
90 456 821 1186 1551 1551
95 461 826 1191 1556 1556
100 466 831 1196 1561 1561
105 471 836 1201 1566 1566
110 476 841 1206 1571 1571
115 481 846 1211 1576 1576
120 486 851 1216 1581 1581
125 491 856 1221 1586 1586
130 496 861 1226 1591 1591
135 501 866 1231 1596 1596
140 506 871 1236 1601 1601
145 511 876 1241 1606 1606
150 516 881 1246 1611 1611
155 521 886 1251 1616 1616
160 526 891 1256 1621 1621
165 531 896 1261 1626 1626
170 536 901 1266 1631 d1 decay 1631
175 541 906 1271 1636 Jul 5 1636
180 546 911 1276 1641 Y2003 1641
185 551 916 1281 1646 1281
190 556 921 1286 1651 1286
195 561 926 1291 1656 1291
200 566 931 1296 1661 1296
205 571 936 1301 1666 1301
210 576 941 1306 1671 1306
215 581 946 1311 1676 1311
220 586 951 1316 1681 1316
225 591 956 1321 1686 1321
230 596 961 1326 1691 1326
235 601 966 1331 1696 1331
240 606 971 1336 1701 1336
245 611 976 1341 1706 1341
250 616 981 1346 1711 1346
255 621 986 1351 1716 1351
260 626 991 1356 1721 1356
265 631 996 1361 1726 1361
270 636 1001 1366 1731 1366
275 641 1006 1371 1736 1371
280 646 1011 1376 1741 1376
285 651 1016 1381 1746 1381
290 656 1021 1386 1751 1386
295 661 1026 1391 1756 1391
300 666 1031 1396 1761 1396
305 671 1036 1401 1766 1401
310 676 1041 1406 1771 1406
315 681 1046 1411 1776 1411
320 686 1051 1416 1781 1416
325 691 1056 1421 1786 1421
330 696 1061 1426 1791 1426
335 701 1066 1431 1796 1431
340 706 1071 1436 1801 1436
345 711 1076 1441 1806 1441
350 716 1081 1446 1811 1446
355 721 1086 1451 1816 1451
360 726 1091 1456 1821 1456
365 731 1096 1461 1826
Methods
Here we present the results from the UC Irvine chemistry-transport model (UCI CTM) used in the study of direct, primary ozone emissions. There are 16 *.nc data files that provide a 3-D (every modeled grid cell, 320x160x57) snapshot of O3 or other key variables (air mass, e90(tropopause tracer), T and, surface pressure (2D only, 320x160). The netcdf variables are 4-D, being sampled every 5 days for 5 years (320x160x57x365), for 4 years (320x160x57x292), or for 6 months (320x160x57x36). The 17th *.nc file gives the relative differences (RD) for the trace chemical species between the control run (CTRL) and the aviation direct-O3 emissions (EO3A) on July 1.
The direct O3 emission case shorthand is:
- EO3A = uses aviation NOx pattern for O3 emissions
- EO3B = not direct O3 emissions, but a doubling of aviation NOx
- EO3S = surface pollution pattern (NH Asia)
- EO3T = stratosphere-troposphere exchange pattern
- EO3U = revised stratosphere-troposphere exchange pattern
The Matlab scripts that read, process, and plot the results are in the accompanying zenodo archive. The figures in the publication as well as supplementary figures (in both *.png and *.eps format) generated by these scripts are in the xenodo supplement. The figure files are labeled in shorthand and match the plotid's in the Matlab plotting script.