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Dryad

Data from: Phenotypic resources immortalized in a panel of wild-derived strains of five species of house mice

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Apr 02, 2024 version files 121.68 KB
Jun 19, 2024 version files 129.51 KB

Abstract

The house mouse, Mus musculus, is a widely used animal model in biomedical research, with classical laboratory strains (CLS) being the most frequently employed. However, the limited genetic variability in CLS hinders their applicability in evolutionary studies. Wild-derived strains (WDS), on the other hand, provide a suitable resource for such investigations. To assess the proportion of variation added by wild progenitors, we estimated phenotypic variation in 84 WDS representing 5 species (M. musculus, M. spretus, M. spicilegus, M. macedonicus, M. caroli), 3 subspecies (M. m. musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus), and compared it with 5 CLS. The spectrum of WDS captures long-term mouse evolution, estimated to be over 5 million years ago since the split of M. caroli from the remaining mouse species. All mice are housed in a conventional breeding facility (without a nanofilter barrier or specific-pathogen free condition) at the Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, in Studenec. They are maintained under standard conditions: light/dark regime of 14/10 hours, temperatures of 23 ± 1 °C during summer (April-September) and 22 ± 1 °C during winter (October-March), respectively, and relative humidity within 40-70 %. Mice have access to food pellets and tap water ad libitum. Further data on this mouse repository and WDS can be obtained at https://housemice.cz/en/strains/.

Morphological traits were measured in 4335 mice and include body weight, spleen weight, body length, tail length, weight of both ovaries, sperm count, the weight of testes, left epididymis, and seminal vesicles. Reproductive ability was estimated in 87 WDS and 8 CLS. This dataset was obtained from 90,077 offspring born to 8,298 mothers in 17,049 litters recorded in Studenec studbooks between 2000 and 2023. Reproductive performance was characterized by litter size, newborn mortality (calculated as the proportion of stillborn or cannibalized mice across all litters), and the number of generations produced per year. We also estimated the time since a WDS was established from wild progenitors until completing 20 generations of strict brother-sister mating, i.e., the generation at which a strain of mice can be considered inbred.

Although CLS resemble M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus WDS, they differ from them in 8 and 11 out of 15 phenotypic traits, respectively. The data suggest that WDS can be a useful tool in evolutionary studies, providing a basis for comparative analyses with other mammal taxa, particularly classical laboratory mice. The detected stunning phenotypic variation supplemented by genetic variation have great potential for medical applications.