Data from: Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites
Data files
Nov 13, 2023 version files 34.28 KB
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Delayed_onset.csv
4.49 KB
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Hermaphrodite_fitness_SexualConflict.csv
9.57 KB
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Pistil_availability_detail.csv
4.47 KB
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Pistil_availability_onlyB.csv
739 B
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Pistil_availability.csv
773 B
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population.csv
2.46 KB
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README.md
6.21 KB
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Resolution_SexualConflict.csv
5 KB
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SA_Index.csv
576 B
Abstract
In dioecious populations, males and females may evolve different trait values to increase fitness through their respective sexual functions. Because the two sexual functions are expressed by the same individual in hermaphroditic populations, resolving sexual conflict is potentially more difficult. Here, we show that the modularity of plants may allow hermaphrodites to resolve sexual conflict because modules with different genders can promote fitness through their specialized sexual functions by expressing a correspondingly optimal trait value. We analyzed the flowering phenology, sex allocation, and selection gradients on floral traits of flowers of the andromonoecious plant Pulsatilla alpina, which produces both bisexual and male flowers. Our results indicate that strong protogyny prevents early bisexual flowers from profiting from high siring opportunities early in the reproductive season at a time when male flowers are able to achieve high siring success. Andromonoecy therefore resolves sexual conflict experienced by bisexual flowers in strongly protogynous populations. Our study illustrates the resolution of sexual conflict arising from phenological constraints via modular divergence in sex allocation. We discuss the extent to which modular variation in sex allocation in species with other sexual systems involving bisexuality may be explained similarly.
README: Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites
This README file was generated on 2023-11-09 by Kai-Hsiu Chen.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Title: Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites
proceedings of the royal society B, 2023
Authors: Kai-Hsiu Chen1 and John R. Pannell1
Affiliations: Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Correspondance: Kai-Hsiu Chen (kai-hsiu.chen@unil.ch)
Date of data collection: 2022.5-8
Location: Solalex, Vaud, Switzerland
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DATA and R CODES for analyses in the paper
Pistil availability
R file: Fig.2_Pistil_stamen_availability.R
Data used: Pistil_availability.csv; Pistil_availability_detail.csv; Pistil_availability_onlyB.csv
Output: Figure 2
Delayed onset
R file: Fig.3_Delayed_onset.R
Data used: Delayed_onset.csv; population.csv
Output: Figure 3; Table S1
Sexual conflict
R file: Fig.4_Sexual_conflict.R
Data used: Hermaphrodite_fitness_SexualConflict.csv
Output: Figure 4; Table 1; Table S2
Resolution of the conflict
R file: Fig.5_Resolution_.R
Data used: Resolution_SexualConflict.csv
Output: Figure 5; Table S3
Sexual antagonistic index
Data used: SA_Index.csv
Output: Table 1
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LIST and DETAILS of DATASETS
Pistil_availability.csv *stamens from both male and bisexual flowers included
1.Number of variables: 5
2.Number of cases/rows: 16
3.Variable List:
a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season
b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis
c)Pistil_number_pop: total pistil number within population
d)Stamen_number_pop: total stamen number from both male and bisexual flowers within population
e)Pistil_availability: number of pistils available per stamen within population
Pistil_availability_onlyB.csv *only stamens from bisexual flowers included
1.Number of variables: 5
2.Number of cases/rows: 16
3.Variable List:
a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season
b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis
c)Pistil_number_pop: total pistil number within population
d)Stamen_number_pop: total stamen number from bisexual flowers within population
e)Pistil_availability: number of pistils available per stamen within population *NA values because of no stamen present in the population
Pistil_availability_detail.csv *pistils and stamens from both male and bisexual flowers
1.Number of variables: 6
2.Number of cases/rows: 48 (3 types of flowers * 16 census)
3.Variable List:
a)Julian_date: date of each census throughout the flowering season
b)Standardized_date: standardized Julian date according to the scale used in the selection analysis
c)Number: total number of pisitls or stamens of the type of flower within population
d)Number_of: type of flowers (i.e., pistils from female-stage bisexual flowers, stamens from male-stage bisexual flowers, and stamens from male flowers)
e)Flower_number: number of flowers (for Figure S2)
f)Stage: types of flowers (equivelent to d)Number_of; for Figure S2)
Delayed_onset.csv
1.Number of variables: 8
2.Number of cases/rows: 175
3.Variable List:
a)Ind_ID: individual identity
b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual
c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male)
d)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower
e)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%) *NA due to missing date
f)Flowering_M: date of the begining of the male function *NA due to missing data
g)Flowering_F: date of the begining of the female function *NA due to missing data
h)Delayed_onset_M: f) minus g) *NA due to missing data
Hermaphrodite_fitness_SexualConflict.csv *each flower has two rows each for its female and male function
1.Number of variables: 14
2.Number of cases/rows: 114 (57 flowers)
3.Variable List:
a)Ind_ID: individual identity
b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual
c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male)
d)Sex_function: male or female
e)Stamen_number_func: Number of stamens after removal
f)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%)
g)Petal_length: tepal length *NA due to missing data
h)Stalk_height: height of stalk *NA due to missing data
i)Flowering_F: date of the begining of the female function *NA due to missing data
j)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower
k)RS_AD_ID93: reproductive success when inbreeding depression is 0.93
l)RS_AD_ID93_s: relative k)
m)T_RS_AD_ID93: total reproductive success when inbreeding depression is 0.93
n)T_RS_AD_ID93_s: relative m)
Resolution_SexualConflict.csv
1.Number of variables: 8
2.Number of cases/rows: 175
3.Variable List:
a)Ind_ID: individual identity
b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual
c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male)
d)Stamen_number_allo_ori: Number of stamens before removal *NA due to missing data
g)Petal_length: tepal length *NA due to missing data
h)Stalk_height: height of stalk *NA due to missing data
i)Flowering_O: date of the opening of the flower *NA due to missing data
j)Pistil_number: number of pistils of the flower *NA due to missing data
SA_Index.csv
1.Number of variables: 6
2.Number of cases/rows: 10
3.Variable List:
a)Traits: 5 traits
b)Selection_gradients: b (linear) or r (quadratic; before timing 2)
c)F_function: female function
d)M_function: male function
e)SAS: sexual antagonistic selection
f)SA_Index: sexual antagonistic index
population.csv
1.Number of variables: 5
2.Number of cases/rows: 175 (all the flowers in the population)
3.Variable List:
a)Ind_ID: individual identity
b)Flower_ID: flower identity of the individual
c)Floral_gender: H (bisexual) or M (male)
d)Flower_number: number of flowers of the individual
e)Stamen_removal: to which of the three treatments subjected (N: intact; Half: 50% removal; All: 100%)