Temperature-dependence of liverwort diversification: Cool origin and hot hotspots
Data files
Feb 05, 2025 version files 1.58 MB
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DataSet_To_Datadryad.txt
1.49 MB
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README.md
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Table3.txt
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Abstract
The evolutionary history underlying gradients in species richness is still subject to discussions, and understanding the past niche evolution might be crucial in estimating the potential of taxa to adapt to changing environmental conditions. With this study we intend to contribute to elucidation of the evolutionary history of liverwort species richness distributions along elevational gradients at a global scale. For this purpose, we linked a comprehensive data set of genus occurrences on mountains worldwide with a time-calibrated phylogeny of liverworts and estimated mean diversification rates (DivElev) and mean ages (AgeElev) of the respective genera per elevational band. In addition, we reconstructed the ancestral temperature preferences of the genera. We found that diversification rates increase linearly with temperature, and hence decrease with elevation. This pattern is mainly driven by epiphytic genera. In contrast, overall genus age is highest at intermediate elevations where liverwort species richness peaks and decreases towards both ends of the elevational and thermal gradient. Our results further indicate that the ancestral lineages from which the extant liverwort genera descended had a preference for cool temperatures. Because cool (and humid) climates are today prevailing at mid-elevations of the world's mountains, we conclude that the extant liverwort species diversity accumulated over long time at mid-elevations and subsequently expanded towards warm lowland (with high diversification rates) and cold alpine regions (with low diversification rates). The conserved preference for temperate climates shared by the majority of liverwort lineages gives reason to the assumption that they will not be able to cope with the conditions induced by rapid climate warming, whereas the current low-elevation radiation may be less affected by climate change.
README: Temperature-dependence of liverwort diversification: Cool origin and hot hotspots
Files in this archive:
Table 1: Data set containing elevational gradient ID (according to Table 1 in the article), elevation of the taxon record (m), taxon name, and the according genus name used for analyses.
Table 3: Data set (modified after Maul et al. 2023), containing elevational gradient ID (according to Table 1 in main article), elevational steps of the gradients (m), relative elevation, species richness of elevational step, relative species richness, and predicted climate data (Bio1, mean annual temperature (C); Bio5, maximum temperature of the warmest month (C); Bio6, minimum temperature of the coldest month (C); Bio12, annual precipitation amount (mm); Bio13, precipitation amount of the wettest month (mm); Bio14, precipitation amount of the driest month (mm); Bio18, precipitation amount of the warmest quarter (mm); Bio19, precipitation amount of the coldest quarter (mm). Based on the data set Table 1, we calculated mean genus diversification rate per elevational band including every record, mean genus age per elevational band including every record, mean genus diversification rate per elevational band including only one record per genus, mean genus age per elevational band including only one record per genus. The last column of the table specifies the habitat studied on the elevational transect.
Reference: Maul, K., Wei, Y., Iskandar, E. A. P., Chantanaorrapint, S., Ho, B., Quandt, D., & Kessler, M. (2023). Liverworts show a globally consistent midelevation richness peak. Ecology and Evolution, 13(3), e9862. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9862.