As an important family of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, the functional diversification and roles of PR10s in biotic stress have been well documented. However, the molecular basis of PR10s in plant defense responses against pathogens remains to be further understood. To measure the biological changes caused by the overexpression of GbPR10.5D1 in cotton, an RNA-seq experiment was performed to measure the transcriptome changes between the cotton recipient line (WT) and GbPR10.5D1-OE transgenic line (OE-17), under normal and V. daliae-infected conditions at 12, 24, and 48 hpi. The DEGs were identified by comparing the expression levels in inoculated samples with those in mock controls in WT and OE-17 line or mock controls between the two cotton lines, using an FDR threshold of 0.05, and a log₂ FC ≥1.