Personality traits and behaviour vary among invasive, native and hatchery-reared fish
Data files
Dec 05, 2024 version files 15.19 KB
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Emerge_raw_data_uploaded_Dryad.csv
4.06 KB
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Explore_raw_data_uploaded_Dryad.csv
4.08 KB
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Predator_raw_data_uploaded_Dryad.csv
4.39 KB
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README.md
2.66 KB
Abstract
Bold behaviour of non-native species is hypothesised to facilitate invasion success, yet extreme boldness in other wild and domesticated animals can be maladaptive. The purpose of this study was to compare individual behaviour among Australian native hatchery-reared (n=33) and wild (n=38) Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) with globally invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio; n=30). Three laboratory tests measured individual behaviour: 1) emergence from a shelter; 2) exploration of a novel environment and 3) approaching a predator. Wild invasive carp and hatchery-reared cod were faster and more likely to emerge and explore novel environments when compared to wild Murray cod. The ‘bold-type’ behaviours of hatchery-reared native cod were more like invasive carp than they were to ‘shy-type’ wild conspecifics, yet an important difference was that hatchery-reared cod spent substantially more time near a large predator while carp rapidly escaped. Our results provide novel evidence of bold-type behavioural syndromes in globally invasive carp and a hatchery-reared Australian native fish but highlight fundamental differences in predator naivety. The propensity of invasive carp to rapidly explore and enter new environments, along with a fast predator escape response may have been important to their global invasion success, while extreme predator naivety of hatchery-reared Murray cod may increase post-release predation rates in fisheries stocking programs.
README: Personality traits and behaviour vary among invasive, native and hatchery-reared fish
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v41ns1s0h
Description of the data and file structure
The subjects of this study consisted of juvenile hatchery and wild sourced Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and juvenile wild carp (Cyprinus carpio). Experiments were conducted on: young of year (YOY) hatchery Murray cod (n=19); one year old (1+) hatchery Murray cod (n=14); YOY wild Murray cod (n=17); 1+ wild Murray cod (n=21) and YOY wild carp (n=19) and 1+ wild carp (n=11). Fish age was determined at the end of experiments by removing and sectioning otoliths using traditional methods by experienced readers at Fish Aging Services Pty Ltd. The hatchery fish were 2nd generation from wild-caught breeding stock from the same southern Murray-Darling basin genetic population and sourced from Uarah fisheries (Grong Grong, New South Wales). Wild Murray cod were collected by boat electrofishing and seining in canals of the Goulburn and Murray rivers in Victoria, Australia. Carp were collected from the Goulburn and Murrumbidgee river in New South Wales, Australia.
We used three common methods to measure personality traits of individual fish: latency to emerge from shelter; latency to explore a novel environment; and willingness to approach a predator. Bold behaviour was assessed using three assays due to the limitations of using a single test.
Variables include: Fish ID (unique number for each fish); Length (mm, Total length); Times entering near side (counts); Duration of time spent in near side (sec.); Number of times entering far side (counts); Duration of time spent in far side (sec); Species Age (age in years); Origin Tank No (holding tank number)
The raw data for individual fish times and binomial responses (e.g. emerged/did not; explored/did not; approached predator/did not) are reported in three separate spreadsheets. Times (sec.) were only analysed for fish that emerged, explored or approached the predator.
Variable "Origin" was defined as "wild" which were sampled from rivers or defined as "Hatchery" and sourced from captive bred stock. "Explore" was measured in seconds and was the time required for the fish to pass through the wall opening and enter the other side of the wall. "Emerge" was the time (seconds) required to exit the shelter. 900 seconds was assigned to all fish that did not emerge or did not enter the area on the other side of the wall. Binomial response (e.g. did emerge/ did not emerge; did explore/did not explore) variables are also presented in dataset.
Methods
The subjects of this study consisted of juvenile hatchery and wild sourced Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and juvenile wild carp (Cyprinus carpio). Experiments were conducted on: young of year (YOY) hatchery Murray cod (n=19); one year old (1+) hatchery Murray cod (n=14); YOY wild Murray cod (n=17); 1+ wild Murray cod (n=21) and YOY wild carp (n=19) and 1+ wild carp (n=11). Fish age was determined at the end of experiments by removing and sectioning otoliths using traditional methods by experienced readers at Fish Aging Services Pty Ltd. The hatchery fish were 2nd generation from wild-caught breeding stock from the same southern Murray-Darling basin genetic population and sourced from Uarah fisheries (Grong Grong, New South Wales). Wild Murray cod were collected by boat electrofishing and seining in canals of the Goulburn and Murray rivers in Victoria, Australia. Carp were collected from the Goulburn and Murrumbidgee river in New South Wales, Australia.
We used three common methods to measure personality traits of individual fish: latency to emerge from shelter; latency to explore a novel environment; and willingness to approach a predator. Bold behaviour was assessed using three assays due to the limitations of using a single test.
The raw data for individual fish times and binomial responses (e.g. emerged/did not; explored/did not; approached predator/did not) are reported in three separate spreadsheets. Times were only analysed for fish that emerged, explored or approached the predator. Variable "Origin" was defined as "wild" which were sampled from rivers or defined as "Hatchery" and sourced from captive bred stock. "Explore" was measured in seconds and was the time required for the fish to pass through the wall opening and enter the other side of the wall. "Emerge" was the time (seconds) required to exit the shelter. 900 seconds was assigned to all fish that did not emerge or did not enter the area on the other side of the wall. Binomial response (e.g. did emerge/ did not emerge; did explore/did not explore) variables are also presented in dataset.