Introduction: The 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria indicates that the disease remains an enormous public health threat. This paper, therefore, provides an epidemiological description of the outbreak, with a view to provide current evidence for public health planning and interventions towards cholera elimination in the country. Methods/Principal Findings: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data from January 1st to November 19th, 2018. A cholera case was defined as an individual aged 2 years or older with acute watery diarrhoea, and severe dehydration or dying from acute watery diarrhoea. Descriptive analyses were performed in terms of person, time and place. Overall, there were 43,996 cases with an attack rate (AR) of 127.43/100,000 population, and 836 deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.90%. Individuals aged 15 years or older (47.76%) recorded the highest number of cases, while the proportion of males (49.00%) and females (51.00%) was nearly equal. The outbreak was characterised by four distinct epidemic waves, with higher records of deaths towards the end of the outbreak (296 and 295 deaths in the third and fourth waves, respectively). States from the north-west and north-east regions reported the highest ARs, while those from the north-central region reported the highest CFRs. Conclusion: The distribution of the 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria indicates an elevated burden, especially in the northern part of the country, and the influence of diverse and interrelated drivers; thus, underlining the need to adopt a multi-sectoral approach to cholera prevention and control in the country as outlined in the Global Roadmap strategies.