Demographics and clinical features of the enrolled patients with either of the three demyelinating neurological diseases according to the presence of disease-specific antibody (MOG-IgG, AQP4-IgG), confirmed by a live cell-based assay method, are shown in the dataset.

Patients treated in our facility (Tohoku University, Japan) with acute neurological episodes in whom time-matched paired serum and CSF MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG titers were simultaneously evaluated during the acute phase of the neurological episodes between 2006 and 2020 were initially recruited. To increase the sample size, eligible data of the patients from other facilities in Japan were additionally collected. Based on the results of the MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG titrations for their serum and CSF samples, patients were divided into the following four disease groups: MOG-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD), AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (anti-AQP4-positive NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS) without these antibodies, and other conditions. Patients with the first three disease groups were included for the study.

Anti-AQP4(+)NMOSD, anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; F, female; M, male; MOGAD, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; OCB, oligoclonal bands; ON, optic neuritis; PSL, prednisolone.