Plant and soil microbial diversity and related spatial and environmental factors in the grasslands of northern China from 2018 and 2019. The data included 54 and 27 sites in 2018 and 2019 respectively. The data table contains two sheets, one for 2018 and the other for 2019. Spatial factors include longitude and latitude; climatic factors include mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, potential evapotranspiration, and aridity index; soil factors include soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil pH, soil organic carbon, soil clay content, soil silt content, soil sand content, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, and soil C:N ratio; plant functional diversity include    functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), functional dispersion (FDis), Rao's quadratic entropy (RaoQ); community-weighted mean (CWM) traits include specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (leafN),ratio of leaf carbon to nitrogen (leaf C:N), and stem density; soil microbial diversity include bacterial diversity and fungal diversity; fungal functional guilds include pathotrophic fungi, saprotrophic fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and ectomycorrhizal fungi; bacterial functional guilds include aerobic chemoheterotrophy, predatory or exoparasitic, cellulolysis, aerobic nitrite oxidation, sulfur respiration, nitrate reduction, ureolysis, aromatic compound degradation, intracellular parasites, fermentation, and methanotrophy in the data sheet of 2018. 

Soil microbial diversity include bacterial diversity and fungal diversity; fungal functional guilds include pathotrophic fungi, saprotrophic fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and ectomycorrhizal fungi; bacterial functional guilds include aerobic chemoheterotrophy, predatory or exoparasitic, cellulolysis, aerobic nitrite oxidation, sulfur respiration, nitrate reduction, ureolysis, aromatic compound degradation, intracellular parasites, fermentation, and methanotrophy in the data sheet of 2019.