Data from: Transgression-regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and fossil records
Data files
Sep 20, 2023 version files 804.50 KB
-
README.md
3.68 KB
-
Supplementary_Table_S1_-_Matched_Macrostrat_units_and_occurrence_counts.xlsx
26.51 KB
-
Supplementary_Table_S2_-_PBDB_matched_occurrence_ages.xlsx
739.88 KB
-
Supplementary_Table_S3_Ediacaran-Cambrian_Rock-Fossil_1st_Difference_Correlations.xlsx
11.11 KB
-
Supplementary_Table_S4_Cambrian_Rock-Fossil_Correlations.xlsx
11.65 KB
-
Supplementary_Table_S5_Ediacaran_Rock-Fossil_Correlations.xlsx
11.67 KB
Abstract
Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635-538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These “Ediacaran-type” macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8-485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for the origin and demise of the Ediacaran biota include: changing oceanic redox states, biotic replacement by succeeding Cambrian-type fauna, and mass extinction driven by environmental change. Few studies frame trends in Ediacaran and Cambrian macroevolution from the perspective of the sedimentary rock record, despite well-documented Phanerozoic covariation of macroevolutionary patterns and sedimentary rock quantity. Here we present a quantitative analysis of North American Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records from Macrostrat and the Paleobiology Database. Marine sedimentary rock quantity increases nearly monotonically and by over a factor of five from the latest Ediacaran to the late Cambrian. Ediacaran–Cambrian fossil quantities exhibit a comparable trajectory and have strong (rs > 0.8) positive correlations with marine sedimentary area and volume flux at multiple temporal resolutions. Even so, Ediacaran fossil quantities are dramatically reduced in comparison to the Cambrian when normalized by the quantity of preserved marine rock. Although aspects of these results are consistent with the expectations of a simple fossil-preservation induced sampling bias, together they suggest that transgression-regression and a large expansion of marine shelf environments coincided with the diversification of animals during a dramatic transition that is starkly evident in both the sedimentary rock and fossil records.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1k9
All supplementary data files for this study, including R-scripts for analyses, an animation of fossil and stratigraphic column locations through time, tables of rock units matched to fossil occurrences, tables of fossil occurrence assigned ages, and correlations for Ediacaran and Cambrian rock and fossil quantities as separate time periods are included in this Dryad repository.
Description of the data and file structure
Supplementary Figure, Tables, and captions. Highlighting of cells in Table S3, S4, and S5 are to indicate statistical significance at different confidence levels. Green highlighting indicates a correlation that is significant at the 95% level, and yellow indicates a correlation that is significant at the 90% level. No coloring indicates correlations that are not statistically significant.
Non-Code Supplementary Materials Include:
- Figure S1 (Figure S1 - Animated E-Cm rock & fossil distributions.gif): .gif animated map (5 myr bins) of Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and fossil locations on North America
- Table S1 (Supplementary Table S1 - Matched Macrostrat units and occurrence counts.csv): Macrostrat unit_id’s, strat names, counts of matched PBDB occurrences, and the modeled top and bottom ages of strat units
- Table S2 (Supplementary Table S2 – PBDB matched occurrence ages): table of Ediacaran-Cambrian PBDB occurrences their PBDB formations/ages and their matched Macrostrat formations/ages. NOTE: cells with ‘null’ values in this table are cells that were empty (had no value recorded) when pulled from the Paleobiology Database’s API.
- Table S3 (Supplementary Table S3 Ediacaran-Cambrian Rock-Fossil 1st Difference Correlations.xlsx): Correlation coefficients and p-values of 1st differences for Ediacaran-cambrian rock and fossil quantities.
- Table S4 (Supplementary Table S4 Cambrian Rock-Fossil Correlations.xlsx): Correlation coefficients and p-values of raw rock and fossil quantities for only the Cambrian
- Table S5 (Supplementary Table S5 Ediacaran Rock-Fossil Correlations.xlsx): Correlation coefficients and p-values for rock and fossil quantities from only the Ediacaran
- Supplementary Figure and Table Captions
Sharing/Access information
API calls used to collect data from the following publicly accessible data platforms are contained within the R-script files found within this supplementary data repository.
Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data:
Code/Software
- Supplement S1a-h: Data files and R scripts that produce the panels for all figures and tables - Note that all .csv files included should be
File-names are:
- S1a_PBDB_Collections_and_Macrostrat_column_Map_plotter_(Figure_1).R
- S1b_PBDB_occurrences_and_Macrostrat_rock_quantity_time_series_(Figures_2-5).R
- S1c_PBDB_fossils_and_Macrostrat_rock_correlations_astrochron_(Table_1).R
- S1d_NA Ediacaran Polygons 5-6-2021 v4.csv
- S1e_pbdb_data_ed_matched_v7.csv
- S1f_pbdb_data_cm_matched_v7.csv
- S1g_pbdb_ed_all_non_NA_v1_8-21-23.csv
- S1h_pbdb_cm_all_non_NA_v1_8-21-23.csv
Two existing datasets, Macrostrat's database of rocks/stratigraphy and a subset of Paleobiology Database (PBDB) fossil occurrence data, were merged on the basis of their shared rock unit name field for Ediacaran-Cambrian age (635-485.4 Ma) rocks/fossils of North America. Once PBDB fossil occurrences were matched to Macrostrat rock units in time and space (and checked), the fossil occurrence age ranges were modified based on the Macrostrat provided age model of a given fossil occurrences' host rock. Time series of fossil occurrences were generated from this updated data. Correlation coefficients were calculated from the generated time series of fossil occurrences and rock quantities through the Ediacaran-Cambrian geologic time Periods.