• Across plants, leaves exhibit profound diversity in shape. As a single leaf expands, its shape is in constant flux. Plants may also produce leaves with different shapes at successive nodes. In addition, leaf shape varies among individuals, populations and species as a result of evolutionary processes and environmental influences.
• Because leaf shape can vary in many different ways, theoretically, the effects of distinct developmental and evolutionary processes are separable, even within the shape of a single leaf. Here, we measured the shapes of > 3200 leaves representing > 270 vines from wild relatives of domesticated grape (Vitis spp.) to determine whether leaf shapes attributable to genetics and development are separable from each other.
• We isolated latent shapes (multivariate signatures that vary independently from each other) embedded within the overall shape of leaves. These latent shapes can predict developmental stages independent from species identity and vice versa. Shapes predictive of development were then used to stage leaves from 1200 varieties of domesticated grape (Vitis vinifera ), revealing that changes in timing underlie leaf shape diversity.
• Our results indicate that distinct latent shapes combine to produce a composite morphology in leaves, and that developmental and evolutionary contributions to shape vary independently from each other.

Leaves were sampled from each node of a single shoot for each vine. Vines were repeatedly sampled the second week of June in 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017. Scans from each year can be found in their respective folders. The scan filename is the vine identification number followed by a lowercase letter which indicates if multiple scans were taken for that shoot. In the scan, small numbers are placed next to leaves indicating the node position from which they were sampled, starting at one near the shoot tip and counting upwards towards the shoot base.

This is a repository of grapevine leaf scans of mostly North American Vitis spp. but other species as well. Samples were collected from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) germplasm repository in Geneva, New York (USA). Leaves were sampled from each node of a single shoot for each vine. Vines were repeatedly sampled the second week of June in 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017. Scans from each year can be found in their respective folders. The scan filename is the vine identification number followed by a lowercase letter which indicates if multiple scans were taken for that shoot. In the scan, small numbers are placed next to leaves indicating the node position from which they were sampled, starting at one near the shoot tip and counting upwards towards the shoot base.