GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Supercell-AACP-50m 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Leigh Orf Institution: University of Wisconsin Address: 1225 W Dayon St, Madison, WI 53706 Email: leigh.orf@wisc.edu B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Morgan O'Neill Institution: Stanford University Address: 473 Via Ortega, Y2E2 Suite 140, Stanford, CA 94305 Email: oneillm@stanford.edu 3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): 2020-05 through 2021-02 4. Geographic location of data collection: Data was generated numerically on the Frontera Supercomputer, which is located in Austin, TX. 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Frontera is funded by the National Science Foundation. Leigh Orf and Kelton Halbert are funded by the National Science Foundation. Observational data collection funded by NASA. SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: No restrictions. 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Here is where we put the DOI to the Science article. 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: N/A 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: N/A 5. Was data derived from another source? No 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Numerical Simulation Data of Supercell Thunderstorms (at 50 meter resolution) Associated with Above Anvil Cirrus Plumes DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: supercell-strong-zfp.00300.nc supercell-strong-zfp.00600.nc supercell-strong-zfp.00900.nc supercell-strong-zfp.01200.nc supercell-strong-zfp.01500.nc supercell-strong-zfp.01800.nc supercell-strong-zfp.02100.nc supercell-strong-zfp.02400.nc supercell-strong-zfp.02700.nc supercell-strong-zfp.03000.nc supercell-strong-zfp.03300.nc supercell-strong-zfp.03600.nc supercell-strong-zfp.03900.nc supercell-strong-zfp.04200.nc supercell-weak-zfp.00300.nc supercell-weak-zfp.00600.nc supercell-weak-zfp.00900.nc supercell-weak-zfp.01200.nc supercell-weak-zfp.01500.nc supercell-weak-zfp.01800.nc supercell-weak-zfp.02100.nc supercell-weak-zfp.02400.nc supercell-weak-zfp.02700.nc supercell-weak-zfp.03000.nc supercell-weak-zfp.03300.nc supercell-weak-zfp.03600.nc supercell-weak-zfp.03900.nc supercell-weak-zfp.04200.nc Each file is a NetCDF4 file with ZFP compressed 3D data (for the strong and weak shear simulation). Files contain the model state in 300 second intervals. The zero-padded time in seconds of each dataset is found within the file names. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AACP-parcels-exceeding-90mps-backward.nc AACP-parcels-exceeding-90mps-forward.nc NetCDF4 files containing the parcel time series data for the forward and backwards trajectories of parcels placed in the jet region at the tropopause. AACP-parcels-2400s-forward-pt1.nc AACP-parcels-2400s-forward-pt2.nc AACP-parcels-2400s-forward-pt3.nc AACP-parcels-2400s-forward-pt4.nc ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- environparcels.npz jumpparcels.npz parcelsubset_lid.npz parcelsubset_jump.npz These four files are ZIP archives containing NumPy arrays in npy format. environparcels.npz contains a set of 6,500 parcels released upstream of the overshooting top, in the lower stratosphere. parcelsubset_lid.npz is a much smaller dataset and a subset of the parcel data contained in environparcels.npz. It contains only the 26 stratospheric parcels meeting the criterion of exceeding an altitude of z =16.5 km, shown in Fig. 2. jumpparcels.npz contains a set of 18,000 parcels that exceeded 50 m/s in the jet region in the lee of the overshooting top. parcelsubset_jump.npz is a much smaller dataset and a subset of the parcel data contained in jumpparcels.npz. It contains only the 69 tropospheric and lower stratospheric parcels meeting the criterion of exceeding a total speed of 110 m/s, shown in Fig. 2. Further description is available in the Supplementary Materials of the manuscript. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Relationship between files, if important: All data files (in NetCDF4 format) contain model simulation data from two different simulations (strong shear / weak shear). 3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: The parcel data contains location and values of various quantities of thousands of parcels. These locations were generated by parcel code (available on Github) using model data saved every 0.3333333 seconds. The 0.3333333 second data is not included as its data footprint is far too large. 4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No. METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The simulation data was generated by the CM1 model (https://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/people/bryan/cm1/). The simulation was conducted on the Frontera supercomputer. The soundings and namelist files for both runs are included in Supplementary Materials. Modifications were made to CM1's output driver (to support LOFS), and the exact code used for the simulations is found here: https://github.com/leighorf/cm1r19.8-LOFS 2. Methods for processing the data: The simulation was conducted with the CM1 model on the Frontera supercomputer and saved in LOFS format. Parcel data was generated using LOFT, operating on LOFS data saved every model timestep. LOFS data was converted to uncompressed NetCDF4 format to share with collaborators for analysis and plotting. The data in this archive have been compressed with ZFP using accuracy parameters that were equal to or slightly larger than the saved data in order to conserve disk space. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: NetCDF: https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf ZFP: https://github.com/LLNL/zfp H5Z-ZFP: https://github.com/LLNL/H5Z-ZFP, https://h5z-zfp.readthedocs.io LOFS: http://lofs.io, https://github.com/leighorf/LOFS-read LOFT: https://github.com/keltonhalbert/LOFT CM1: https://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/people/bryan/cm1, https://github.com/leighorf/cm1r19.8-LOFS 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: N/A 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: N/A 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: N/A 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Leigh Orf, Kelton Halbert, Morgan O'Neill DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: supercell-[strong][weak]-zfp.SSSSS.nc (where SSSSS is the zero-padded simulation time in seconds) 1. Number of variables: 20 3D variables, 7 1D variables 2. Number of cases/rows: Each file contains 3D data spanning 3,800 points in X (E/W), 1,901 points in Y (N/S) and 598 points in Z (up/down) 3. Variable List: The above is contained as metadata within the NetCDF files. 3D fields: dbz simulated reflectivity, dBZ, dBZ hwin_sr storm relative horizontal winds, m/s, hwin_sr khh horizontal subgrid eddy scalar diffusivity, m^s/s, khh khv vertical subgrid eddy scalar diffusivity, m^s/s, khv kmh horizontal subgrid eddy momentum viscosity, m^s/s, kmh kmv vertical subgrid eddy momentum viscosity, m^s/s, kmv prespert pressure perturbation from base state, hPa, prespert qc cloud liquid water droplet mixing ratio, g/kg, qc qg graupel mixing ratio, g/kg, qg qi cloud pristine ice mixing ratio, g/kg, qi qr rain mixing ratio, g/kg, qr qs snow mixing ratio, g/kg, qs qvpert water vapor mixing ratio perturbation from base state, g/kg, qvpert rhopert density perturbation from base state, kg/m^3, rhopert thpert potential temperature perturbation from base state, K, thpert thrhopert density potential temperature perturbation from base state, K, thrhopert tke_sg subgrid turbulent kinetic energy, J/kg, tke_sg uinterp storm-relative east/west component of the wind, m/s, uinterp vinterp storm-relative north/south component of the wind, m/s, vinterp winterp up/down component of the wind, m/s, winterp 1D fields (in Z): u0 base state X (east/west) winds, m/s, u0 v0 base state Y (north/south) winds, m/s, v0 th0 base state potential temperature, K, th0 pres0 base state pressure, hPa, pres0 pi0 base state nondinensional pressure, unitless, pi0 qv0 base state water vapormixing ratio, g/kg, qv0 rho0 base state density, kg/m^3, rho0 4. Missing data codes: N/A 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: AACP-more-than-90-forward.nc AACP-more-than-90-backward.nc 1. Number of variables: 19 2. Number of cases/rows: 18,000 parcels, each with locations and variables (see below) along these locations over 1,201 (forward) / 901 (backward) time increments (of 1/3 second, the model time step). 3. Variable List: presbar base state pressure, hPa,presbar prespert pressure perturbation from base state, hPa, prespert qc cloud water mixing ratio, g/kg, qc qg graupel mixing ratio, g/kg, qg qi cloud pristine ice mixing ratio, g/kg, qi qr rain mixing ratio, g/kg, qr qs snow mixing ratio, g/kg, qs qvbar base state mixing ratio, qvbar qvpert water vapor mixing ratio perturbation from base state, g/kg, qvpert rhobar base state density, kg/m^3, rhobar rhopert density perturbation from base state, kg/m^3, rhopert thetabar base state potential temperature, K, thetabar thetapert potential temperature perturbation from base state, K, thetapert u east/west component of the wind, m/s, u v north/south component of the wind, m/s, v w up/down component of the wind, m/s, w xpos Cartesian location parcel in X (east/west component), m, xpos ypos Cartesian location parcel in Y (north/south component), m, ypos zpos Cartesian location parcel in Z (vertical, or up/down component), m, zpos 4. Missing data codes: In the parcel NetCDF4 files, the missing / fill value is set to 9.96E36 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: jumpparcels.npz 1. Number of variables: 15 2. Number of cases/rows: 18,000 parcels, each with locations and variables (see below) along these locations over 2101 time increments (of 1/3 second, the model time step). 3. Variable List: xj parcel location eastward [m] yj parcel location northward [m] zj parcel location upward [m] uj parcel speed eastward [m/s] vj parcel speed northward [m/s] wj parcel speed upward [m/s] presj parcel pressure [Pa] thetaj potential temperature [K] rhoj air density [kg/kg] qvj water vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qcj cloud water mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qrj rain water mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qij ice mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qgj graupel vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qsj snow vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] 4. Missing data codes: N/A 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: environparcels.npz 1. Number of variables: 15 2. Number of cases/rows: 6,500 parcels, each with locations and variables (see below) along these locations over 1801 time increments (of 1/3 second, the model time step). 3. Variable List: x parcel location eastward [m] y parcel location northward [m] z parcel location upward [m] u parcel speed eastward [m/s] v parcel speed northward [m/s] w parcel speed upward [m/s] pres parcel pressure [Pa] theta potential temperature [K] rho air density [kg/kg] qv water vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qc cloud water mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qr rain water mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qi ice mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qg graupel vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] qs snow vapor mass mixing ratio [kg/kg] 4. Missing data codes: N/A 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: parcelsubset_jump.npz 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 69 parcels, each with locations and variables (see below) along these locations over 2101 time increments (of 1/3 second, the model time step). 3. Variable List: xjump Cartesian location of parcel in X (east/west component) [m] yjump Cartesian location of parcel in Y (north/south component) [m] zjump Cartesian location of parcel in Z (vertical, or up/down component) [m] ujump East/west component of the parcel velocity [m/s] vjump North/south component of the parcel velocity [m/s] wjump Up/down component of the parcel velocity [m/s] thetajump Potential temperature of the parcel [K] 4. Missing data codes: N/A 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: parcelsubset_lid.npz 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 26 parcels, each with locations and variables (see below) along these locations over 1801 time increments (of 1/3 second, the model time step). 3. Variable List: xlid Cartesian location of parcel in X (east/west component) [m] ylid Cartesian location of parcel in Y (north/south component) [m] zlid Cartesian location of parcel in Z (vertical, or up/down component) [m] ulid East/west component of the parcel velocity [m/s] vlid North/south component of the parcel velocity [m/s] wlid Up/down component of the parcel velocity [m/s] thetalid Potential temperature of the parcel [K] 4. Missing data codes: N/A 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: N/A