Readme file for Koivula et al. / Ecography (doi: 10.1111/ecog.03295) These data consist of landscape variables calculated for 1 km x 1 km units (six units in each of eight countries), and numbers of bird species observed in each unit (based on point counts at 16 stations placed 200 m apart in each unit; observations within 100 m from the station considered). The two Sexp columns present rarefaction standardized numbers of species. For more information, see the paper; for species falling into each species group, see Appendix. Year = Year of sampling (2001 or 2002) Country = Eight countries where sampling was done (ESP = Spain; FIN = Finland; FRA = France; HUN = Hungary; IRE = Ireland; POR = Portugal; SWZ = Switzerland; UK = United Kingdom) LUU = Land-Use Unit, 1 km x 1 km area; six in each country UTM.Lat = Latitudinal UTM coordinate for the central point of each LUU UTM.Lon = Longitudinal UTM coordinate for the central point of each LUU Grow.degd = Growing degree days (country specific) For.cover = Forest cover (%) NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (standardized to vary between 0 and 100) For.diver = Forest diversity, Shannon-Wiener index (standardized to vary between 0 and 100) Agr.diver = Agricultural land diversity, Shannon-Wiener index (standardized to vary between 0 and 100) LUU.diver = Habitat diversity for the whole LUU, Shannon-Wiener index (standardized to vary between 0 and 100) For.fragm = Forest fragmentation as measured by the number of forest patches within LUU (standardized to vary between 0 and 100) Sobs = Observed number of bird species Sexp20 = Expected number of bird species, rarefaction standardized to 20 individuals Sexp50 = Expected number of bird species, rarefaction standardized to 50 individuals Res.For = Resident forest species, observed number Res.Gen = Resident generalist species, observed number Res.Ope = Resident open-habitat species, observed number Res.Urb = Resident urban species, observed number Mig.For = Migratory forest species, observed number Mig.Gen = Migratory generalist species, observed number Mig.Ope = Migratory open-habitat species, observed number Mig.Urb = Migratory urban species, observed number na = not applicable; unable to calculate or missing data