This file was generated on 2021-10-01 by Aimee Tallian GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: "Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators" / DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dz08kprzb 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Aimee Tallian Institution: Norwegian Institution for Nature Research Address: P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway Email: aimeetmt@gmail.com 3. Date of data collection: Scandinavia (2002-2015) and Yellowstone (2008-2017) 4. Geographic location of data collection: Southcentral Scandinavia (which spans the border of Sweden and Norway) and Yellowstone National Park 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: The Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project and the Scandinavian Wolf Research Projects were funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Norwegian Research Council, NINA, the Office of Environmental Affairs in Hedmark County, the Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management, the Marie Claire Cronstedts Foundation, INN, and SLU. The Yellowstone Wolf Project was supported by funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation DEB‐0613730 and DEB‐1245373, Yellowstone Forever and key donors, especially Annie and Bob Graham, Valerie Gates, and Frank and Kay Yeager. SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: "Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators" published in Ecological Monographs. 2021. 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: NA 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: NA 5. Was data derived from another source? No 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Tallian, A, Andrés Ordiz, Matthew C. Metz, Barbara Zimmermann, Camilla Wikenros, Douglas W. Smith, Daniel R. Stahler, Petter Wabakken, Jon E. Swenson, Håkan Sand, Jonas Kindberg. 2020. Data from: Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators. Dryad Digital Repository. DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dz08kprzb. DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: Tallian_et_al_2021_DOI_10.5061_dryad.dz08kprzb 2. Relationship between files, if important: NA 3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: NA 4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Please see Tallian et al. 2021. Ecological Monographs for details. 2. Methods for processing the data: Please see Tallian et al. 2021. Ecological Monographs for details. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Microsoft Excel or R 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: NA 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: Please see Tallian et al. 2021. Ecological Monographs for details. 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: Please see Tallian et al. 2021. Ecological Monographs for details. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Aimee Tallian, Andrés Ordiz, Matthew C. Metz, Barbara Zimmermann, Camilla Wikenros, Douglas W. Smith, Daniel R. Stahler, Petter Wabakken, Jon E. Swenson, Håkan Sand, Jonas Kindberg DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Tallian_et_al_2021_DOI_10.5061_dryad.dz08kprzb 1. Number of variables: 22 2. Number of cases/rows: 1633 3. Variable List: Sequence: Unique ID number associated with each kill interval Study System: Either Scandinavia or Yellowstone Season: Study season (either summer of winter). Please see Tallian et al. 2021. Ecological Monographs for details Year: Year the study took place Territory/Pack: The name of the wolf pack/territory Wolf ID: A unique ID for each wolf individual Wolf Sex: Male or female Tc: Wolf consumption time = all GPS positions within a space-time cluster where ≥ 1 position within the cluster was within 200 m and 100 m of the carcass site for SCA and YNP, respectively. Data are hourly positions in Scandinavia and half hour positions in Yellowstone. Th: Wolf handling time = includes Tc (i.e., all clustered positions near the carcass site), plus all space-time clusters where the first point within the cluster occurred within 12 hours of a kill visit. Data are hourly positions in Scandinavia and half hour positions in Yellowstone. Ts: Wolf search time = any positions within the kill interval that were not within a space-time cluster (i.e., all consecutive positions with a step length > 200 m/hour). Data are only for Scandinavia and collected at hourly positions. Tc2: Wolf consumption time (definition 2) = includes all GPS positions within a space-time cluster where ≥ 1 position within the cluster was within 100 m of the carcass site within 21 days of the TOFV. Data are for Yellowstone only and collected at half hour positions. Julian Date - TOFV: Time of first visit as a Julian date = estimated as the first position of the focal wolf within 200 m of the carcass site after the time of death occurred. Julian Date - Median: Median within kill interval date as a Julian date. For Scandinavia only. Bear Density: An index of bear density (Scandinavia only). A spatially explicit bear density index, derived from hunter harvest data, that spanned Scandinavia and ranged from 0 (i.e., no or sporadic bear presence) to 1 (i.e., highest bear density). For Scandinavia only. Bear Presence: Brown bears were classified as ‘present’ (1) at a wolf kill if field crews detected bear sign (brown bear or unknown species), or observed a brown bear, at a carcass site. Otherwise they were considered 'absent' (0). For Yellowstone only. Prey Edible Biomass: Edible prey biomass (kg) per kill. Estimated using the known mean body mass of prey species based on age and sex and corrected for the proportion of species-specific biomass considered edible. Previous Prey Edible Biomass: The edible biomass (kg) associated with the previous kill. Nutritional Status: Nutritional status was estimated as (NS = B – T x FMR) where NS is the nutritional status of the pack or individual, B is the edible biomass (kg) of the previous kill(s), T is the number of days since the previous kill, and FMR is the daily metabolic field rate (i.e., the mean daily energy expenditure of an animal at average activity) of the pack or individual in kg biomass per day. Moose Density: We calculated a proxy for moose density using annual hunter harvest statistics (number of moose harvested per km squared) from Norwegian municipalities and Swedish hunting districts. Moose density was estimated by calculating the average weighted mean harvest of all management units within a wolf territory, using a one-year time lag, which has been shown to be a good predictor of moose density. For Scandinavia only. Pack Size: The size of the wolf pack. Dist to Road: Distance (m) to the nearest paved or gravel road from each carcass site. Fix Success: Within kill-interval collar fix success (# GPS positions / # expected programmed locations). Scale of 0-1. 4. Missing data codes: n/a (data not missing per say, but not present in that specific dataset) 5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: NA